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. 2016 Jan 26;18(7):1546–1555. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw002

Table 1.

Additives Described to Have Properties That Could Contribute to Dependence of Tobacco Products

Tobacco additive Chemical structure Source Main properties
Menthol graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001a.jpg Additive, (pepper)mint Sensory response (cooling), effects on central nervous system, local anaesthetic, nicotine metabolism, relieve throat irritation, flavorant
Eucalyptol graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001b.jpg Additive, eucalyptus Sensory reponse (cooling), Bronchodilating properties, flavorant
Theobromine graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001c.jpg Cocoa Bronchodilating properties, vasodilator
Ammonia graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001d.jpg Additive, ammonium salt Alkalizing (increased lung absorption), neurotoxin
Lactones graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001e.jpg Additive Nicotine metabolism
Benzaldehyde graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001f.jpg Additive Nicotine metabolism, flavorant
Acetaldehyde graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001g.jpg Additive and/or sugars Flavorant, probable human carcinogen, preservative
(Nor)Harman graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001h.jpg Sugars, coffee MAO inhibition
Coumarin graphic file with name nictob_ntw002_t0001i.jpg Additive, cinnamon MAO inhibiting properties, flavorant

MAO = monoamine oxidase. Chemical structure, source and main properties are indicated.