Table 1.
Additives Described to Have Properties That Could Contribute to Dependence of Tobacco Products
Tobacco additive | Chemical structure | Source | Main properties |
---|---|---|---|
Menthol |
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Additive, (pepper)mint | Sensory response (cooling), effects on central nervous system, local anaesthetic, nicotine metabolism, relieve throat irritation, flavorant |
Eucalyptol |
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Additive, eucalyptus | Sensory reponse (cooling), Bronchodilating properties, flavorant |
Theobromine |
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Cocoa | Bronchodilating properties, vasodilator |
Ammonia |
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Additive, ammonium salt | Alkalizing (increased lung absorption), neurotoxin |
Lactones |
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Additive | Nicotine metabolism |
Benzaldehyde |
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Additive | Nicotine metabolism, flavorant |
Acetaldehyde |
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Additive and/or sugars | Flavorant, probable human carcinogen, preservative |
(Nor)Harman |
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Sugars, coffee | MAO inhibition |
Coumarin |
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Additive, cinnamon | MAO inhibiting properties, flavorant |
MAO = monoamine oxidase. Chemical structure, source and main properties are indicated.