Table 3.
Multivariate Logistic Regression of Perceptions of Accessibility, Tobacco Advertising and Promotions, Marketing Receptivity, Social Benefits of Smoking, and Perceived Risk by Product-Use Patterns
| Cigarette only user n = 466 | Combustible only user (other than cigarettes) n = 849 | Noncombustible only user n = 329 | Dual user n = 992 | Polytobacco user n = 566 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Accessibility (vs. inaccessible) | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.81–1.48) | 1.15 (0.80–1.65) | 1.14 (0.86–1.51) | 1.50 (1.09–2.07)* |
| Yes (n, %) | 310, 72.4 | 618, 73.8 | 220, 72.5 | 713, 75.4 | 425, 79.0 |
| No (n, %) | 132, 27.6 | 209, 26.2 | 103, 27.5 | 256, 24.6 | 124, 21.0 |
| Exposure to pro-tobacco marketing | |||||
| Internet ads (vs. not exposed) | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.88–1.59) | 1.39 (0.89–2.15) | 1.22 (0.90–1.65) | 1.65 (1.15–2.36)* |
| Yes (n, %) | 186, 41.7 | 398, 45.2 | 161, 47.4 | 449, 45.2 | 290, 52.8 |
| No (n, %) | 259, 58.3 | 437, 54.8 | 166, 52.6 | 525, 54.8 | 266, 47.2 |
| Newspaper/magazine ads (vs. not exposed) | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.84–1.53) | 1.32 (0.91–1.91) | 1.09 (0.81–1.48) | 1.22 (0.90–1.65) |
| Yes (n, %) | 185, 43.5 | 364, 43.7 | 157, 46.5 | 422, 43.1 | 268, 47.1 |
| No (n, %) | 261, 56.5 | 471, 56.3 | 170, 53.5 | 549, 56.9 | 287, 52.9 |
| Point-of-sale ads (vs. not exposed) | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | 1.26 (0.83–1.92) | 0.95 (0.72–1.25) | 1.09 (0.74–1.60) |
| Yes (n, %) | 358, 82.2 | 625, 74.9 | 273, 83.9 | 800, 81.3 | 459, 81.7 |
| No (n, %) | 85, 17.8 | 202, 25.1 | 53, 16.1 | 170, 18.7 | 94, 18.3 |
| Outdoor ads (vs. not exposed) | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 1.19 (0.81–1.75) | 1.11 (0.86–1.44) | 1.65 (1.22–2.22)* |
| Yes (n, %) | 256, 57.4 | 456, 53.8 | 197, 59.6 | 574, 59.0 | 376, 68.1 |
| No (n, %) | 187, 42.6 | 372, 46.2 | 129, 40.4 | 389, 41.0 | 172, 31.9 |
| Movies and television (vs. not exposed) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.67–1.39) | 1.33 (0.92–1.92) | 1.10 (0.82–1.49) | 1.26 (0.87–1.83) |
| Yes (n, %) | 332, 74.1 | 597, 71.5 | 241, 75.2 | 715, 74.0 | 424, 76.0 |
| No (n, %) | 115, 25.9 | 230, 28.5 | 86, 24.8 | 247, 26.0 | 123, 24.0 |
| Coupons (vs. did not receive) | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.83–1.59) | 1.42 (0.86–2.36) | 1.91 (1.40–2.59)* | 5.27 (3.80–7.32)* |
| Yes (n, %) | 107, 24.6 | 214, 25.4 | 93, 27.7 | 368, 36.2 | 328, 61.6 |
| No (n, %) | 337, 75.4 | 618, 74.6 | 234, 72.3 | 605, 63.8 | 226, 38.4 |
| Promotions (vs. did not receive) | 1.00 | 2.46 (1.53–3.94)* | 2.48 (1.39–4.44)* | 2.95 (1.84–4.72)* | 6.41 (3.98–10.33)* |
| Yes (n, %) | 35, 7.8 | 150, 17.6 | 52, 17.0 | 194, 19.4 | 195, 37.3 |
| No (n, %) | 412, 92.2 | 678, 82.4 | 275, 83.0 | 773, 80.6 | 353, 62.7 |
| Marketing receptivity (vs. not receptive) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.81–1.51) | 0.90 (0.611–1.35) | 1.89 (1.41–2.54)* | 2.96 (2.04–4.30)* |
| Yes (n, %) | 222, 52.7 | 459, 55.6 | 181, 52.4 | 633, 68.9 | 401, 77.5 |
| No (n, %) | 205, 47.3 | 340, 44.4 | 135, 47.6 | 299, 31.1 | 119, 22.5 |
| Social benefits of smoking | |||||
| Denied that smoking makes someone cool (vs. yes) | 1.00 | 1.34 (1.01–1.78)* | 1.60 (1.15–2.21)* | 0.80 (0.59–1.08) | 0.62 (0.47–0.81)* |
| Yes (n, %) | 203, 46.2 | 341, 40.9 | 129, 37.7 | 498, 52.3 | 337, 61.3 |
| No (n, %) | 237, 53.8 | 479, 59.1 | 195, 62.3 | 459, 47.7 | 197, 38.7 |
| Denied that smokers have more friends (vs. yes) | 1.00 | 1.43 (1.09–1.88)* | 1.60 (1.17–2.18)* | 0.95 (0.71–1.25) | 0.78 (0.54–1.13) |
| Yes (n, %) | 291, 67.7 | 508, 61.7 | 192, 57.2 | 669, 69.1 | 405, 73.8 |
| No (n, %) | 145, 32.3 | 307, 38.3 | 131, 42.8 | 286, 30.9 | 127, 26.2 |
| Perceived risks | |||||
| Agreed that “all tobacco products are dangerous” (vs. no) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.80–1.35) | 0.99 (0.68–1.45) | 0.58 (0.45–0.76)* | 0.55 (0.40–0.75)* |
| Yes (n, %) | 184, 41.7 | 347, 43.7 | 117, 38.9 | 283, 29.2 | 138, 25.9 |
| No (n, %) | 250, 58.3 | 461, 56.3 | 201, 61.1 | 660, 70.8 | 388, 74.1 |
| Thought about risk in the past 30 days (vs. no) | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.48–0.93)* | 0.83 (0.59–1.18) | 1.07 (0.78–1.49) | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) |
| Yes (n, %) | 296, 69.8 | 476, 60.1 | 200, 63.0 | 659, 70.5 | 329, 63.3 |
| No (n, %) | 132, 30.2 | 329, 39.9 | 119, 37.0 | 281, 29.5 | 192, 36.7 |
AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; n: unweighted n. Adjusted for age, gender, race and ethnicity, and living with tobacco user. “Cigarette only user” is the reference category.
*P < .05.