Table 2.
Socio-demographic correlates of Body Mass Index (BMI)
| Obese vs | Overweight vs | Underweight vs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal weight | Normal weight | Normal weight | ||||||||
| OR+ | 95 % CI | P value | OR+ | 95 % CI | P value | OR+ | 95 % CI | P value | ||
| Age group (years) | 18 to 34 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 35 to 49 | 1.0 | (0.7–1.6) | .87 | 1.2 | (0.9–1.5) | .29 | 0.6 | (0.4–0.9) | .0087 | |
| 50 to 64 | 1.2 | (0.8–2.0) | .3739 | 1.3 | (1.0–1.8) | .0599 | 0.5 | (0.3–0.9) | .0148 | |
| 65 and above | 0.4 | (0.2–1.0) | 0.0611 | 1.4 | (0.8–2.3) | .2548 | 0.6 | (0.2–1.6) | .3066 | |
| Ethnicity | Chinese | Ref | ||||||||
| Malay | 4.7 | (3.6–6.2) | <.0001 | 2.0 | (1.7–2.5) | <.0001 | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) | .0539 | |
| Indian | 3.6 | (2.7–4.7) | <.0001 | 2.0 | (1.7–2.4) | <.0001 | 0.6 | (0.4–0.8) | .0025 | |
| Others | 2.7 | (1.5–4.9) | .0016 | 1.4 | (0.9–2.0) | .0974 | 0.4 | (0.2–1.3) | .1319 | |
| Sex | Male | Ref | ||||||||
| Female | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) | .0127 | 0.6 | (0.5–0.7) | <.0001 | 2.8 | (2.0–4.0) | <.0001 | |
| Marital | Single | Ref | ||||||||
| Married | 1.3 | (0.8–2.0) | .2887 | 1.2 | (1.0–1.6) | .1209 | 0.6 | (0.5–0.9) | .0134 | |
| Divorced/Separated | 1.4 | (0.6–3.1) | .4468 | 0.8 | (0.5–1.4) | .3988 | 0.8 | (0.4–1.7) | .5659 | |
| Widowed | 2.1 | (0.8–5.6) | .1611 | 1.6 | (0.8–3.3) | .2361 | 0.7 | (0.2–2.4) | .5974 | |
| Education | Primary and below | 2.1 | (1.2–3.9) | .0123 | 1.4 | (0.9–2.1) | .0976 | 1.0 | (0.5–2.0) | .9412 |
| Secondary | 1.8 | (1.1–2.9) | .0208 | 1.3 | (0.9–1.7) | .167 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.8) | .7876 | |
| Pre-U/Junior-college/Diploma | 1.8 | (1.1–2.9) | .0262 | 1.1 | (0.8–1.5) | .4815 | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | .7431 | |
| Vocational | 2.3 | (1.3–4.1) | .0058 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.6) | 0.6593 | 1.6 | (0.9–2.7) | .1257 | |
| University | Ref | |||||||||
| Employment | Employed | Ref | ||||||||
| Economically inactive# | 1.1 | (0.7–1.5) | .7408 | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | .1888 | 0.9 | (0.6–1.3) | .4997 | |
| Unemployed | 1.3 | (0.7–2.4) | .4012 | 0.8 | (0.5–1.4) | .401 | 1.2 | (0.7–2.1) | .6006 | |
| Income | Below $SD 20,000 | Ref | ||||||||
| $SD 20,000 to 49,999 | 1.2 | (0.9–1.7) | .2873 | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | .8953 | 0.7 | (0.5–1.1) | .1109 | |
| $SD 50,000 and above | 0.9 | (0.5–1.5) | .6098 | 1.1 | (0.8–1.6) | .4576 | 0.6 | (0.4–1.1) | .1117 | |
| Smoking | No | Ref | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.5 | (0.9–2.5) | .1411 | 1.1 | (0.8–1.6) | .5584 | 1.0 | (0.6–1.8) | .9424 | |
Bold font indicates significant p values
# includes retirees, students and housewives
+Odds Ratios derived from multinomial regression
Ref: Reference