Table 5.
Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of children with a Salmonella Typhimurium or Salmonella Enteritidis infection, Oriental Province, DRC, 2009–2014. Except for age, data represent numbers (%)
| Salmonella Typhimurium | Salmonella Enteritidis | Bivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | N | Yes (%) | N | Yes (%) | OR (CI) | p-value |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Median age, months (IQR) | 51 | 18 (12–30) | 47 | 24 (12–48) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.275 |
| Male gender | 53 | 27 (50.9) | 52 | 33 (63.5) | 1.66 (0.77–3.56) | 0.188 |
| Nutritional data (age <60 months) | ||||||
| Low weight-for-age | 38 | 8 (21.1) | 30 | 6 (20.0) | 0.93 (0.28–3.07) | 0.915 |
| Very low weight-for-age | 38 | 6 (15.8) | 30 | 5 (16.7) | 1.06 (0.29–3.90) | 0.922 |
| Symptoms at admission | ||||||
| Vomiting | 40 | 17 (42.5) | 33 | 16 (48.5) | 1.27 (0.50–3.21) | 0.609 |
| Diarrhea | 40 | 9 (22.5) | 33 | 12 (36.4) | 1.96 (0.70–5.49) | 0.196 |
| Cough | 40 | 25 (62.5) | 33 | 15 (45.5) | 0.5 (0.19–1.27) | 0.147 |
| Dyspnea | 40 | 19 (47.5) | 33 | 16 (48.5) | 1.04 (0.41–2.61) | 0.933 |
| Lethargy | 40 | 22 (55.0) | 33 | 21 (63.6) | 1.43 (0.55–3.67) | 0.456 |
| Coma | 40 | 1 (2.5) | 33 | 0 (0.0) | * | 1.000b |
| Seizures | 40 | 7 (17.5) | 33 | 0 (0.0) | * | 0.014b |
| Pallor | 40 | 29 (72.5) | 33 | 28 (84.8) | 2.12 (0.65–6.89) | 0.210 |
| Splenomegaly | 37 | 7 (18.9) | 30 | 11 (36.7) | 2.48 (0.81–7.51) | 0.108 |
| Hepatomegaly | 37 | 6 (16.2) | 30 | 7 (23.3) | 1.57 (0.46–5.30) | 0.466 |
| Antibiotic exposure < 2 week | 49 | 15 (30.6) | 44 | 19 (43.2) | 1.72 (0.73–4.03) | 0.211 |
| Diagnosis upon admission | ||||||
| Malaria | 52 | 23 (44.2) | 52 | 34 (65.4) | 2.38 (1.07–5.25) | 0.032 |
| Pneumonia | 52 | 9 (17.3) | 52 | 7 (13.5) | 0.74 (0.25–2.17) | 0.588 |
| Typhoid fever | 52 | 11 (21.2) | 52 | 8 (15.4) | 0.67 (0.24–1.85) | 0.448 |
| Septicemia | 52 | 5 (9.6) | 52 | 8 (15.4) | 1.70 (0.51–5.62) | 0.378 |
| Urinary tract infection | 52 | 1 (1.9) | 52 | 4 (7.7) | 4.25 (0.45–39.38) | 0.203 |
| Gastro-intestinal tract infection | 52 | 3 (5.7) | 52 | 1 (1.9) | 0.32 (0.03–3.18) | 0.331 |
| Meningitis | 52 | 4 (7.7) | 52 | 4 (7.7) | 1.00 (0.23–4.23) | 1.000 |
| Other diagnosis | 52 | 6 (11.5) | 52 | 7 (13.5) | 1.19 (0.37–3.82) | 0.767 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Malaria diagnosisa | 40 | 25 (62.5) | 33 | 27 (81.8) | 2.7 (0.90–8.04) | 0.075 |
| Anemia (Hb < 11 g/dl) | 39 | 38 (97.4) | 33 | 33 (100) | * | 1.000b |
| Severe anemia (Hb < 5 g/dl) | 39 | 10 (25.6) | 33 | 12 (36.4) | 1.65 (0.60–4.54) | 0.327 |
| Transfusion/Outcome | ||||||
| Blood transfusion | 40 | 25 (62.5) | 33 | 24 (70.6) | 1.60 (0.58–4.34) | 0.356 |
| Died in hospital | 40 | 7 (17.5) | 33 | 3 (9.1) | 0.47 (0.11–1.98) | 0.306 |
OR Odd’s’ratio
*Predicts failure perfectly
aMalaria diagnosis as confirmed by either thick blood film microscopy or rapid diagnostic test
bFisher exact test was used to calculate p value (other variables: logistic regression)