Table 1.

Spectroscopic characteristics of carotenoid identity

Peak #	Retention time (minute)	Carotenoid #	Carotenoid name	λmax1	λmax2 (II)	λmax3 (III)	Percentage (% III/II)
01	4.8	01	Neoxanthin	416	440	470	80
02	4.9	02	Violaxanthin	418	443	472	74
03	5.0	03	Zeaxanthin	423	442	471	40
04	5.3	04	Crocetin	399	422	448	61
05	7.9	05	Lutein	422	445	473	60
06	8.0	06	Antheroxanthin	425	445	474	15
07	17.2	07	Lycopene	446	473	504	98
08	18.5	08	β-cryptoxanthin	422	442	470	92
09	24.1	09	α-Zeacarotene	402	422	448	22
10	25.7	10	Neurosporene	418	442	470	71
11	28	11	ζ carotene	399	423	449	92
12	34.5	12	β-zeacarotene	399	423	449	69
13	41.6	13	All trans β-carotene	424	446	479	10
13	41.6	14	Phytofluen1	349	388	388	79
14	43.02	15	9-cis-β-carotene	431	445	472	78
14	43.02	16	Phytofluen2	349	388	447	78
15	45.7	17	13-cis-β-carotene	424	446	473	19
15	45.7	18	Phytofluen 3	279	341	447	19
16	52.3	19	Phytoene	275	286	299	12

Spectroscopic characteristics of 19 carotenoid types obtained from HPLC_DAD for landrace Cas64, as reference profile, plus Cas51 for carotenoid type identification in the original chromatograms of 23 landraces studied. HPLC_DAD profiles were obtained in C18 Waters Spherisorb ODS_2 (4.5 × 150mm. 5 mm) column using mobile phase Methanol:Ethylacetate:Acetonitrile (1:1:8) in a isocratic run for 60 min. For qualitative analysis the chromatograms were read at 455 nm for color and at 350 nm for colorless carotenoid types. Carotenoid types were identified by comparison with purified samples for β-carotene from carrot, Lutein from capuchin flower (Tropaeolum majus), and Lycopene from tomato fruit. As a way to reduce misidentification of other unknown carotenoids, minimum identification criteria as previously described [10.21.22], was performed and included comparisons of retention time in minutes (RT), peak number (P#) in the HPLC_DAD profile, UV-visible photodiode array spectra, lambda maximum (λmax¹. λmax² (III). λmax³ (II) for each carotenoid in acetonitrile solvent, and fine structure defined as %III/II