Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of mothers and infants
| Maternal viral load (log10 copies/ml) | Non-transmitting (N = 234)a | Total transmitting (N = 79) | Intrapartum transmitting (N = 31) | In utero transmitting (N = 20)b | In utero-enriched transmitting (N = 48) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nc | Nc | Nc | Nc | Nc | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 218 | 4.08 (3.20–4.67) | 71 | 4.77 (3.77–5.34)*** | 27 | 4.77 (3.77–5.26)** | 18 | 4.89 (4.20–5.47)*** | 44 | 4.81 (3.78–5.44)*** |
| Maternal CD4+ T cell count | ||||||||||
| Mean (std) | 217 | 520 (275) | 70 | 418 (222)** | 27 | 402 (179)* | 15 | 409 (276) | 43 | 428 (247)* |
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||||||
| Mean (std) | 232 | 26.9 (5.1) | 78 | 27.6 (5.2) | 30 | 26.7 (5.0) | 20 | 27.5 (5.5) | 48 | 28.2 (5.2) |
| Parity | ||||||||||
| Mean (std) | 231 | 2.1 (1.0) | 77 | 2.3 (1.2) | 29 | 2.3 (1.2) | 20 | 2.2 (1.2) | 48 | 2.3 (1.2) |
| Mode of delivery [N (%)] | ||||||||||
| Caesarean section | 232 | 17 (7.3) | 77 | 10 (13.0) | 29 | 2 (6.9) | 20 | 3 (15.0) | 48 | 8 (16.7) |
| Gestation [N (%)] | ||||||||||
| Preterm <37 weeks | 215 | 27 (12.6) | 70 | 12 (17.1) | 25 | 7 (28.0) | 19 | 4 (21.1) | 45 | 5 (11.1) |
| Child sex [N (%)] | ||||||||||
| Male | 234 | 101 (43.1) | 79 | 39 (49.4) | 31 | 18 (58.0) | 20 | 8 (40.0) | 48 | 21 (43.8) |
| Birth weight (g) | ||||||||||
| Mean (std) | 231 | 2980 (453) | 78 | 2889 (442) | 30 | 2943 (400) | 20 | 2784 (320)* | 48 | 2856 (468) |
| Breast fed N (%) | ||||||||||
| >3 days | 233 | 34 (14.6) | 78 | 10 (12.8) | 30 | 5 (16.7) | 20 | 2 (10.0) | 48 | 5 (10.4) |
| Antiretrovirals | ||||||||||
| Nevirapine | 234 | 114 (48.7) | 79 | 47 (59.5) | 31 | 11 (35.5) | 20 | 13 (65.0) | 48 | 36 (75.0)** |
| Triple drug therapy | 234 | 6 (2.6) | 79 | 2 (2.5) | 31 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 48 | 2 (4.2) |
| Other drugsd | 234 | 11 (4.7) | 79 | 6 (7.6) | 31 | 3 (9.7) | 20 | 1 (5.0) | 48 | 3 (6.3) |
For comparisons with non-transmitting mothers: * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001
aFive unmatched mothers
bOne unmatched mother
cNumber of participants for whom data were available
dDifferent regimens of zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC)