Skip to main content
. 2016 Jun 10;15:107. doi: 10.1186/s12934-016-0500-0

Table 2.

Structure and functions of unusual coenzymes involved in methanogenesis of M. maripaludis

Cofactor/coenzyme Structure Function Reference
Methanofuran graphic file with name 12934_2016_500_Figa_HTML.gif Carbon-carrier cofactors involved in the first step of the methanogenic reduction of CO2 to formyl-methanofuran [124, 125]
Tetrahydro-methanopterin graphic file with name 12934_2016_500_Figb_HTML.gif Carries single carbon fragments between formyl and methyl oxidation levels in methanogens, typically formyl, methenyl, methylene or methyl group [5, 125]
Coenzyme B graphic file with name 12934_2016_500_Figc_HTML.gif Function as electron carrier in metabolism of methanogens [125, 126]
Coenzyme M graphic file with name 12934_2016_500_Figd_HTML.gif Required for methyl-transfer reactions in the metabolism of methanogens., HS-CoB reacts with Methyl-S-CoM to release methane and CoM-S-S-CoB in the final step of methanogenesis [125, 127]
Coenzyme F420 graphic file with name 12934_2016_500_Fige_HTML.gif Major electron transfer currency. Transfer electrons from H2 to the consecutive intermediates of methane biosynthesis e.g. coenzyme F420 hydrogenase, 5,10-methylene-THMPT reductase and methylene-THMPT dehydrogenase [34, 125]
Cofactor F430 graphic file with name 12934_2016_500_Figf_HTML.gif This cofactor is the prosthetic group of the methyl-CoM reductase which catalyzes the release of methane and CoB-S–S-CoM in the final step of methanogenesis [125, 128]