. 2016 Jun 10;16:498. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3160-4

Table 3.

Correlation coefficients between provincial levels of demographic, behavioural and pathophysiological factors, by sex

Women	Urban pop^a	Minority ethnicity^b	Years at school ^c	H’hold income^d	Current smokers^e	Alcohol intake ^f	Fruit/veg serves^g	Physical activity^h	BMIⁱ	Raised BP^j	Elevated glucose^k	Cholesterol^l
Men	Urban pop^a	Minority ethnicity^b	Years at school ^c	H’hold income^d	Current smokers^e	Alcohol intake ^f	Fruit/veg serves^g	Physical activity^h	BMIⁱ	Raised BP^j	Elevated glucose^k	Cholesterol^l
Urban population^a (%)		−0.5^m	0.27	0.73	−0.34	0.23	−0.04	−0.92	0.86	−0.20	0.41	0.75
Minority ethnicity^b (%)	−0.52		−0.06	−0.58	0.79^m	0.50^m	0.35	0.55	−0.62	0.28	0.24	−0.49
Years at school^c	0.56^m	−0.44		0.76	−0.31	0.25	0.72	−0.16	0.21	−0.55	−0.33	−0.16
Household income^d	0.65	−0.59^m	0.98		−0.56^m	0.03	0.30	−0.66	0.62	−0.53^m	−0.14	0.39
Current smoker^e (%)	0.05	−0.32	−0.32	−0.18		0.45	0.29	0.23	−0.50^m	0.09	0.18	−0.29
Alcohol intake^f	0.07	−0.29	−0.55^m	−0.41	0.36		0.49	0.00	−0.10	−0.24	0.15	−0.22
Fruit/vegetable serves^g	−0.16	0.06	0.46	0.34	−0.13	−0.87^m		0.03	−0.06	−0.68	−0.40	−0.45
Physical activity^h (%)	−0.88	0.57	−0.56	−0.64	−0.16ⁿ	−0.14	0.12		−0.89	0.25ⁿ	−0.38	−0.82
BMIⁱ	0.78	−0.25	0.82	0.82	−0.39	−0.32	0.07	−0.74		−0.18ⁿ	0.38	0.77
Raised BP^j (%)	−0.57^m	0.35	−0.39	−0.42	−0.43	0.13	−0.33	0.77ⁿ	−0.39ⁿ		0.61	0.10
Elevated glucose^k (%)	0.50^m	0.12	0.22	0.19	−0.63^m	−0.05	−0.19	−0.39	0.65	−0.02		0.65
Cholesterol^l	0.82	−0.33	0.33	0.43	−0.03	0.22	−0.39	−0.82	0.76	−0.41ⁿ	0.71

^aProportion of urban population; ^bProportion of non–Vietnamese minority ethnic group; ^cMean years of schooling;^dMean household income per adult person per month (USD), ^eProportion of current smokers; ^fProportion with binge drinking (≥4 standard drinks for females, and ≥5 standard drinks for males, on any day last week); ^gMean daily servings of fruit and vegetables; ^hProportion with high levels of physical activity (≥3000 MET–minutes per week); ⁱMean body mass index (kg/m²); ^jProportion with raised blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg); ^kProportion with fasting blood glucose values >6.1 mmol/L or taking medications for diabetes; ^lMean fasting total cholesterol values (mmol/L); ^mWeaker individual–level correlation [absolute(r_province) ≥0.5 but absolute(r_individual) <0.05]; ⁿ Individual–level correlation of opposite sign (r_province >0.10 and r_individual > −0.10 or r_province > −0.10 and r_individual >0.10)