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. 2016 Jun 10;13:32. doi: 10.1186/s12989-016-0136-6

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© Turci et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 6 — Carbon-centred free radicals generated in an aqueous suspension containing sodium formate after incubation with quartz particles for 10, 30 and 60 min. Carbon-centred radicals result from homolytic cleavage of a C-H bond in the formate ion. Representative spectra in panel (a) were collected after 60 min of incubation. The signal intensity is proportional to the amount of radicals generated. The kinetics of carboxyl radical formation (b) was calculated by double-integration of the peak areas of collected spectra and expressed in arbitrary units. Experiments were performed in duplicate and reported as means ± SD. While as-grown quartz crystals (μ-Qz-syn, n-Qz-syn) showed no radical reactivity, fracturing (μ-Qz-syn-f) induced a strong, sustained reactivity