Table 4.
Serum metabolites identified as changing significantly over the progression of chronic HBV infection
| Targeted metabolomics platform | Metabolite class | Metabolite species identified as changing significantly during the progression of chronic HBV |
|---|---|---|
| Cluster 6: stable increased | ||
| Biogenic amines | Amines | Carnitine, ornithine |
| Cluster 8: stable decreased | ||
| Acyl-carnitines | Acylcarnitines | Nonaylcarnitine |
| Negative lipids | Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) | sn1, C20:3 (ω3ω6), sn2, C20:3 (ω3ω6) |
| Cluster 10: increasing over the four phases | ||
| Acyl-carnitines | Acyl-carnitines | Isovalerylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyroylcarnitine, stearoylcarnitine |
| Biogenic amines | Amino acids | Phenylalanine, glutamic acid, methionine |
| Amines | Choline | |
| Positive lipids | Diacylglycerol (DG) | C36:2 |
| Triglycerides (TG) | C54:2, C54:3, C54:4, C55:3, C56:3, C56:4, C56:5, C56:6, C58:5 | |
| Negative lipids | Free fatty acids | C20:4 (ω6) |
| Cluster 13: reflective of ALT levels | ||
| Biogenic amines | Amino acid metabolite | Kynurenine |
| Cluster 15: increasing over the four phases | ||
| Positive lipids | Phosphatidylcholine (PC) | C38:4 |
| Sphingomeylins (SM) | C18:1/25:0 | |
| Triglycerides (TG) | C42:1, C52:2, C55:2 | |
| Negative lipids | Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) | C18:1, C20:3 (ω3ω6), C20:4 |
| Cluster 23: reflective of HBV DNA levels | ||
| Acyl-carnitines | Acylcarnitines | Decanoylcarnitine |
| Negative lipids | Free fatty acids | C20:3 (ω3ω6), C22:4 |
The significant metabolites are divided into their clusters indicative of their trend and all had an ANOVA p value <0.05