Table 1.
Baseline data of 1842 patients with diabetes mellitus and CKD stratified by median HbA1C levels (7.0 %, 53 mmol/mol)
| HbA1C ≤ 7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) n = 897 | HbA1C > 7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) n = 945 | |
|---|---|---|
| Epidemiological data | ||
| Age (years) | 65 ± 8 | 64 ± 8 |
| Male, number (%) | 591 (65.9) | 637 (67.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 141 ± 22 | 143 ± 21 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 76 ± 12 | 76 ± 12 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32 ± 6 | 33 ± 6 |
| Current smokers, number (%) | 127 (14.2) | 142 (15.0) |
| Duration of CKD | ||
| ≥ 5 years | 369 (41.2) | 413 (43.7) |
| 3 – < 5 years | 133 (14.8) | 162 (17.1) |
| 1 – < 3 years | 207 (23.1) | 198 (21.0) |
| < 1 year | 154 (17.2) | 130 (13.8) |
| Physical activity | ||
| Less than once a week | 173 (19.3) | 201 (21.3) |
| 1–2 times a week | 202 (22.6) | 221 (23.4) |
| 3–5 times a week | 256 (28.6) | 236 (25.0) |
| More than 5 times a week | 251 (28.0) | 278 (29.5) |
| CV disease, number (%) a | 403 (44.9) | 463 (49.0) |
| Laboratory data | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.47 (1.23, 1.80) | 1.50 (1.27, 1.83) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 44 (35, 55) | 44 (35, 54) |
| eGFR 0–29 | 126 (14.1) | 125 (13.6) |
| eGFR 30–44 | 322 (36.1) | 346 (37.6) |
| eGFR 45–59 | 296 (33.2) | 301 (32.7) |
| eGFR ≥ 60 | 148 (16.6) | 149 (16.2) |
| Urinary albumin/creatinine-ratio (mg/gCrea) | 34 (7, 330) | 59 (10, 412) |
| < 30 | 420 (48.4) | 356 (38.7) |
| 30–300 | 216 (24.9) | 298 (32.4) |
| > 300 | 231 (26.6) | 266 (28.9) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) a | 13.4 (12.1, 14.5) | 13.6 (12.5, 14.5) |
| HbA1C (%) | 6.6 (6.3, 6.8) | 7.9 (7.4, 8.6) |
| HbA1C (mmol/mol) | 49 (45, 51) | 63 (57, 70) |
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 38.6 (35.9, 40.6) | 38.1 (35.6, 40.5) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.50 (1.24, 5.78) | 3.13 (1.47, 6.73) |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.27 (2.18, 2.35) | 2.28 (2.19, 2.36) |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.25) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) |
| Ca/Ph-Produkt (mmol2/L2) | 2.03 (1.79, 2.33) | 2.06 (1.79, 2.33) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) b | 194.9 (167.4, 228.8) | 192.2 (161.2, 223.7) |
| HDL (mg/dL) b | 45.1 (37.4, 55.7) | 43.2 (35.8, 53.4) |
| LDL (mg/dL) b | 103.1 (82.9, 131.8) | 99.4 (75.3, 124.3) |
| TG (mg/dl) c | 180.9 (125.5, 259.8) | 197.1 (134.8, 279.4) |
| Antidiabetic treatment strategies | ||
| Dietary treatment alone | 292 (35.1) | 113 (13.5) |
| Oral anti-diabetic drugs alone, any | 277 (33.3) | 149 (17.8) |
| Oral anti-diabetic drugs plus insulin | 49 (5.9) | 92 (10.9) |
| Insulin alone | 214 (25.7) | 485 (57.8) |
Values are reported as mean values ± standard deviation, medians (25th, 75th percentile), or numbers (percentages), as appropiate. a The composite of cardiovascular disease includes all patients with one or more of the following: cardiac valve replacement, aortic aneurysm, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease
a For conversion into SI units (mmol/L): multiply with 0.62
b For conversion into SI units (mmol/L): multiply with 0.02586
c For conversion into SI units (mmol/L): multiply with 0.0114