Table 2.
Patient characteristics in patients with diabetes mellitus and CKD across different antidiabetic treatment regimens
| Dietary treatment | Oral anti-diabetic drugs alone, any | Oral anti-diabetic drugs plus insulin | Insulin alone | P-value a | Classes of oral antidiabetic drugs, alone or in combination | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin | Sulfonyl-ureas | Glinides | DPP-4-inhibitors | ||||||
| Number | 405 | 426 | 141 | 699 | 346 | 265 | 119 | 191 | |
| Percent | 24.2 | 25.5 | 8.4 | 41.8 | 18.8 | 14.4 | 6.5 | 10.4 | |
| Age, years | 65 ± 8 | 65 ± 7 | 65 ± 7 | 64 ± 9 | 0.0377 | 64 ± 8 | 67 ± 6 | 66 ± 6 | 65 ± 7 |
| Male, n (%) | 270 (66.7) | 282 (66.2) | 89 (63.1) | 478 (68.4) | 0.64 | 213 (61.6) | 175 (66.0) | 92 (77.3) | 129 (67.5) |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 31 ± 6 | 32 ± 6 | 35 ± 6 | 32 ± 6 | <0.0001 | 33 ± 6 | 33 ± 6 | 32 ± 6 | 34 ± 6 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL c | 13.6 (12.5, 14.8) | 13.5 (12.2, 14.5) | 13.6 (12.6, 14.5) | 13.3 (12.2, 14.4) | 0.0833 | 13.6 (12.3, 14.7) | 13.4 (12.5, 14.5) | 13.5 (12.5, 14.6) | 13.6 (12.5, 14.6) |
| HbA1c, % | 6.7 (6.5, 7.1) | 6.7 (6.3, 7.3) | 7.5 (6.8, 8.4) | 7.5 (6.8, 8.4) | <0.0001 | 6.9 (6.4, 7.6) | 7.1 (6.5, 7.9) | 6.8 (6.5, 7.6) | 6.9 (6.4, 7.7) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 50 (48, 54) | 50 (45, 56) | 58 (51, 68) | 58 (51, 68) | 52 (46, 60) | 54 (48, 63) | 51 (48, 60) | 52 (46, 61) | |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m 2 | 44 (35, 55) | 48 (38, 58) | 46 (37, 56) | 41 (33, 51) | <0.0001 | 53 (43, 62) | 45 (36, 55) | 42 (33, 50) | 47 (36,56) |
| UACR, mg/gCrea | 34 (8, 253) | 31 (8, 322) | 52 (9, 333) | 71 (11, 512) | 0.0011 | 38 (7, 369) | 50 (9, 329) | 45 (9, 371) | 29 (6, 202) |
| CV disease, n(%) b | 176 (43.5) | 169 (39.7) | 72 (51.1) | 382 (54.7) | <0.0001 | 141 (40.7) | 120 (45.3) | 46 (38.7) | 88 (46.1) |
| Duration of CKD | |||||||||
| ≥ 5 years | 183 (45.3) | 152 (35.7) | 56 (39.7) | 324 (46.4) | 0.0021 | 121 (34.9) | 99 (37.4) | 50 (42.0) | 68 (35.6) |
| 3 – < 5 years | 65 (16.1) | 63 (14.8) | 23 (16.3) | 115 (16.5) | 50 (14.5) | 35 (13.2) | 20 (16.8) | 28 (14.7) | |
| 1 – < 3 years | 80 (19.8) | 108 (25.3) | 25 (17.7) | 152 (21.8) | 81 (23.4) | 69 (26.0) | 30 (25.2) | 47 (24.6) | |
| < 1 year | 63 (15.6) | 84 (19.7) | 22 (15.6) | 84 (12) | 66 (19.1) | 50 (18.9) | 17 (14.3) | 41 (21.4) | |
Values are reported as numbers and percentages (based on all diabetic patients), mean values ± standard deviation, or medians (25th, 75th percentile), as appropiate
Missings (n = 171) resulted mostly from combinations that were used less frequently
a according to Kruskal-Walis test, analysis of variance, or Chi-Square test, as appropriate
b The composite of cardiovascular disease includes all patients with one or more of the following: cardiac valve replacement, aortic aneurysm, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease
c For conversion into SI units (mmol/L): multiply with 0.62