Table 2.
F - test values and p values from one way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc pairwise analysis on step length, step width and step time for unperturbed walking and for selected perturbations
No perturbations | Left | Right | Forward | Backward | CW | CCW | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step length | Within - subjects effect | F - test | 2.518 | 10.597 | 47.874 | 6.667 | 2.724 | 4.331 | 0.551 |
p - value | 0.051 | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.038* | 0.004* | 0.736 | ||
1-2 (0.003*) | |||||||||
1-2 (0.034*) | 2-3 (0.002*) | 1-3 (0.055) | 2-4 (0.004*) | ||||||
Pairwise comparison - Step-Step (p-value) | / | 2-5 (0.068) | 2-4 (0.003*) | 3-5 (0.074) | / | 2-5 (0.013*) | / | ||
2-6 (0.033*) | 2-5 (0.003*) | 3-6 (0.085) | |||||||
2-6 (0.004*) | |||||||||
Step width | Within - subjects effect | F - test | 0.826 | 38.288 | 43.304 | 2.793 | 2.426 | 8.021 | 1.328 |
p - value | 0.541 | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.035* | 0.058 | 0.000* | 0.279 | ||
1-2 (0.017*) | 1-2 (0.001*) | ||||||||
1-4 (0.000*) | 1-3 (0.046*) | 1-3 (0.116) | |||||||
2-4 (0.000*) | 2-4 (0.000*) | 2-3 (0.045*) | |||||||
Pairwise comparison - Step-Step (p-value) | / | 2-5 (0.020*) | 2-5 (0.001*) | 2-3 (0.195) | / | 3-5 (0.040*) | / | ||
2-6 (0.018*) | 2-6 (0.002*) | 3-6 (0.136) | |||||||
4-5 (0.002*) | 3-4 (0.001*) | ||||||||
4-6 (0.003*) | 3-6 (0.016*) | ||||||||
4-6 (0.009*) | |||||||||
Step time | Within - subjects effect | F - test | 1.778 | 5.046 | 21.077 | 11.346 | 12.662 | 1.373 | 0.734 |
p - value | 0.148 | 0.002* | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.262 | 0.604 | ||
1-2 (0.008*) | 1-4 (0.063) | 1-2 (0.068) | |||||||
1-3 (0.099) | 2-3 (0.058) | 2-3 (0.026*) | |||||||
Pairwise comparison -Step-Step (p-value) | / | 2-6 (0.055) | 2-3 (0.000*) | 2-4 (0.041*) | 2-4 (0.024*) | / | / | ||
4-6 (0.088) | 2-4 (0.003*) | 2-5 (0.062) | 2-5 (0.063) | ||||||
2-5 (0.011*) | 2-6 (0.062) | 2-6 (0.009*) | |||||||
2-6 (0.001*) |
*statistically significant difference p < 0.05