. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 11.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Health Behav. 2016 May;40(3):310–321. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.40.3.3

Table 3.

Past 30-day Tobacco Use by VALS Factors

VALS factors	Total sample	Cigarettes		LCCs		Smokeless tobacco		E-cigarettes		Hookah
	Total sample	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes

	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
Novelty seeking	3.17 (0.49)	3.16 (0.49)	3.27 (0.51)^***	3.15 (0.49)	3.36 (0.48)^***	3.17 (0.49)	3.27 (0.46)^*	3.16 (0.49)	3.27 (0.52)^***	3.15 (0.49)	3.35 (0.48)^***

Fashion orientation	2.53 (0.82)	2.53 (0.82)	2.51 (0.81)	2.51 (0.82)	2.67 (0.80)^***	2.53 (0.82)	2.54 (0.76)	2.53 (0.82)	2.49 (0.82)	2.51 (0.82)	2.70 (0.77)^***

Tangible creation	2.61 (0.73)	2.62 (0.72)	2.60 (0.76)	2.61 (0.73)	2.64 (0.74)	2.61 (0.73)	2.80 (0.70)^**	2.61 (0.73)	2.67 (0.71)	2.62 (0.73)	2.57 (0.72)

Social conservatism	2.54 (0.80)	2.58 (0.78)	2.30 (0.84)^***	2.53 (0.80)	2.63 (0.76)^*	2.54 (0.80)	2.51 (0.79)	2.56 (0.79)	2.36 (0.81)^***	2.56 (0.79)	2.41 (0.80)^**

Intellectual curiosity	2.95 (0.56)	2.93 (0.56)	3.08 (0.57)^***	2.94 (0.56)	3.11 (0.53)^**	2.95 (0.56)	2.88 (0.56)	2..94 (0.56)	3.01 (0.55)^*	2.93 (0.56)	3.08 (0.55)^***

Feelings of competency	3.00 (0.53)	3.00 (0.52)	3.00 (0.57)	2.98 (0.53)	3.11 (0.53)^***	2.99 (0.53)	3.18 (0.48)^***	2.99 (0.53)	3.03 (0.53)	2.98 (0.53)	3.11 (0.52)^***

Self-focused thinking	2.20 (0.71)	2.18 (0.71)	2.30 (0.75)^***	2.19 (0.71)	2.28 (0.75)^*	2.18 (0.71)	2.49 (0.73)^***	2.18 (0.71)	2.31 (0.72)^**	2.17 (0.71)	2.39 (0.73)^***

Narrowed interests	2.28 (0.66)	2.29 (0.66)	2.23 (0.69)	2.29 (0.66)	2.21 (0.68)^*	2.28 (0.66)	2.37 (0.67)	2.29 (0.66)	2.24 (0.69)	2.29 (0.66)	2.24 (0.65)

Mechanical interests	2.21 (0.91)	2.19 (0.91)	2.34 (0.96)^**	2.19 (0.91)	2.36 (0.94)^**	2.19 (0.91)	2.80 (0.91)^***	2.19 (0.91)	2.43 (0.96)^***	2.21 (0.9l)	2.23 (0.92)

^***

p < .001;

^**

p < .01;

p < .05, per ANOVA