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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 11.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Health Behav. 2016 May;40(3):310–321. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.40.3.3

Table 4.

Multivariate Regression Indicating Significant Predictors of Use of Cigarettes, LCCs, Smokeless Tobacco, E-cigarettes, and Hookah

Variable Cigarettes LCCs Smokeless tobacco E-cigarettes Hookah

OR (CI) p OR (CI) p OR (CI) p OR (CI) p OR (CI) p
Age 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) .114 0.94 (0.88, 0.99) .025 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) .409 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) .014 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) .269

Sex
 Female Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Male 1.83 (1.43, 2.35) <.001 1.50 (1.14, 1.98) .004 42.41 (18.23, 98.66) <.001 2.34 (1.78, 3.06) <.001 1.43 (1.11, 1.85) .006

Hispanic 0.68 (0.43, 1.05) .084 0.43 (0.24, 0.78) .005 0.33 (0.10, 1.11) .072 1.03 (0.66, 1.61) .905 1.22 (0.80, 1.84) .354

Race
 Black Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 White 2.70 (1.85, 3.95) <.001 0.52 (0.38, 0.72) <.001 5.06 (2.00, 12.84) .001 2.49 (1.65, 3.45) <.001 0.58 (0.43, 0.80) .001
 Asian 2.16 (1.23, 3.80) .007 0.34 (0.17, 0.68) .002 2.05, (0.59, 7.20) .262 1.83 (0.97, 3.45) .062 1.02 (0.62, 1.69) .932
 Otherf 2.89 (1.72, 4.87) <.001 0.86 (0.52, 1.43) .555 1.94 (0.43, 8.68) .387 2.04 (1.14, 3.66) .016 0.85 (0.52, 1.37) .494

School type
 Private school Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Public school 1.18 (0.90, 1.55) .225 1.84 (1.35, 2.52) <.001 1.32 (0.84, 2.07) .231 1.38 (0.93, 1.84) .063 1.87 (1.42, 2.47) <.001
 Technical college 3.13 (2.35, 4.18) <.001 1.87 (1.30, 2.67) .001 1.97 (1.12, 3.47) .018 2.70 (1.96, 3.70) <.001 1.37 (0.97, 1.95) .074
 Historically black 1.47 (0.83, 2.59) .187 3.16 (2.06, 4.85) <.001 0.50 (0.06, 4.24) .525 1.07 (0.95, 1.26) .115 2.05 (1.33, 3.15) .001

VALS factors
 Novelty seeking 1.72 (1.31, 2.26) <.001 1.92 (1.41, 2.61) <.001 2.12 (1.24, 3.63) .006 1.70 (1.26, 2.28) .001 1.92 (1.43, 2.57) <.001
 Fashion orientation 1.04 (0.90, 1.19) .614 1.44 (1.11, 1.88) .007 1.08 (0.92, 1.26) .341 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) .767 1.16 (1.01, 1.35) .044
 Tangible creation 0.75 (0.63, 0.90) .002 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) .108 1.07 (0.76, 1.53) .692 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) .444 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) .096
 Social conservatism 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) <.001 0.94 (0.79, 1.11) .458 1.18 (0.89, 1.55) .250 0.77 (0.66, 0.91) .002 0.70 (0.60, 0.82) <.001
 Intellectual curiosity 1.35 (1.08, 1.71) .010 1.14 (0.89, 1.47) .285 0.43 (0.28, 0.65) <.001 0.92 (0.73, 1.18) .542 1.21 (0.95, 1.53) .121
 Feelings of competency 0.84 (0.67, 1.05) .123 1.01 (0.79, 1.29) .944 1.35 (0.85, 2.15) .207 0.98 (0.76, 1.25) .845 1.06 (0.84, 1.35) .608
 Self-focused thinking 1.14 (0.96, 1.35) .147 1.10 (0.93, 1.31) .281 0.92 (0.66, 1.27) .607 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) .706 1.31 (1.11, 1.55) .002
 Narrowed interests 1.05 (0.88, 1.24) .610 0.93 (0.78, 1.10) .392 1.20 (0.88, 1.63) .256 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) .819 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) .279
 Mechanical interests 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) .784 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) .064 1.05 (0.79, 1.41) .737 1.06 (0.90, 1.24) .480 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) .172

Nagelkerke R-squared = 0.118; 0.116; 0.300; 0.090; and 0.094, resppectively.

Note.

p-values for significant findings are boldfaced