Table 3.
Substance Use by Urine Toxicology by Gender and Race (N = 168)
| Substance | Total Sample n (%) |
Male n = 115 n (%) |
Femalea n = 53 n (%) |
p- value |
African American n = 68 n (%) |
Hispanic/ Latino n = 27 n (%) |
White/Anglo n = 55 n (%) |
Other n = 18 n (%) |
p- value |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabis | |||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 80 | (47.6) | 52 | (45.2) | 28 | (52.8) | 0.36 | 41 | (60.3) | 11 | (40.7) | 24 | (43.6) | 4 | (22.2) | 0.02^ | |
| Present | 88 | (52.4) | 63 | (54.8) | 25 | (47.2) | 27 | (49.7) | 16 | (59.3) | 31 | (56.4) | 14 | (77.8) | |||
| Cocaine | |||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 120 | (71.4) | 88 | (76.5) | 32 | (60.4) | 0.03 | 38 | (55.9) | 22 | (81.5) | 46 | (83.6) | 14 | (77.8) | 0.00^ | |
| Present | 48 | (28.6) | 27 | (23.5) | 21 | (39.6) | 30 | (44.1) | 5 | (18.5) | 9 | (16.4) | 4 | (22.2) | |||
| Amphetamine | |||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 144 | (85.7) | 92 | (80.0) | 52 | (98.1) | 0.00^ | 64 | (94.1) | 20 | (74.1) | 44 | (80.0) | 16 | (88.9) | 0.03^ | |
| Present | 24 | (14.3) | 23 | (20.0) | 1 | (1.9) | 4 | (5.9) | 7 | (25.9) | 11 | (20.0) | 2 | (11.1) | |||
| Methamphetamie | |||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 137 | (81.6) | 86 | (74.8) | 51 | (96.2) | 0.00^ | 63 | (92.6) | 19 | (70.4) | 42 | (76.4) | 13 | (72.2) | 0.01^ | |
| Present | 31 | (18.4) | 29 | (25.2) | 2 | (3.8) | 5 | (7.5) | 8 | (29.6) | 13 | (23.6) | 5 | (27.8) | |||
| Benzodiazepines | |||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 127 | (75.6) | 90 | (78.3) | 37 | (69.8) | 0.24 | 53 | (77.9) | 21 | (77.8) | 38 | (69.1) | 15 | (83.3) | 0.60^ | |
| Present | 41 | (24.4) | 25 | (21.7) | 16 | (30.2) | 15 | (22.1) | 6 | (22.2) | 17 | (30.9) | 3 | (16.7) | |||
| Oxycodone | |||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 145 | (86.3) | 103 | (89.6) | 42 | (79.2) | 0.07 | 59 | (86.8) | 25 | (92.6) | 43 | (78.2) | 18 | (100.0) | 0.08^ | |
| Present | 23 | (13.7) | 12 | (10.4) | 11 | (20.8) | 9 | (13.2) | 2 | (7.4) | 12 | (21.8) | 0 | (0.0) | |||
| Methadone | |||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 139 | (82.7) | 102 | (88.7) | 37 | (69.8) | 0.00^ | 57 | (83.8) | 23 | (85.2) | 44 | (80.0) | 15 | (83.3) | 0.95^ | |
| Present | 29 | (17.3) | 13 | (11.3) | 16 | (30.2) | 11 | (16.2) | 4 | (14.8) | 11 | (20.0) | 3 | (16.7) | |||
| Opiates | |||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 136 | (81.0) | 98 | (85.2) | 38 | (71.7) | 0.04 | 54 | (79.4) | 23 | (85.2) | 44 | (80.0) | 15 | (83.3) | 0.96^ | |
| Present | 32 | (19.0) | 17 | (14.8) | 16 | (28.3) | 14 | (20.6) | 4 | (14.8) | 11 | (20.0) | 3 | (16.7) | |||
Note.
^
indicates Fisher’s Exact test;
a
including 10 transgender women.