Table 2.

Mixed-Effects Regression Model of 2001–2012 ADL Scores of Adult Mexicans Aged 60 or Older (top) and Marginal Effects of Selected Covariates (bottom)

Variables	Model	95% C.I.
Fixed Portion
Time	0.035***	0.025–0.045
Socioeconomic Variables
Age
Age Centered	−0.009***	−0.012 – (−0.005)
Age Centered Squared	0.001***	0.001 – 0.001
Gender
Female	0.024*	0.001 – 0.047
Marital Status
Married	−0.003	−0.027 – 0.021
Education
Years of Schooling	−0.002	−0.045 – 0.001
Number of Limitations
ADL Score at Baseline	0.746***	0.732 – 0.760
Attrition
Dead	0.084***	0.046 – 0.122
Number of Contributions	−0.007	−0.041 – 0.027
Interactions
Female & Time	0.015***	0.006 – 0.025
Education & Time	−0.001*	−0.002 – (−0.001)
Marital Status & Time	−0.009	−0.018 – 0.001
Constant	0.047	−0.059 – 0.152
Random-Effect Parameters
Variance (Time)	0.122	0.107 – 0.141
Variance (Constant)	0.011	0.009 – 0.014
Covariance (Time, Constant)	0.012	0.010 – 0.013
Variance (Residual)	0.241	0.230 – 0.252
LR Test vs. Linear Regression
Chi-Square	2706.66***
Number of Observations	13,988
Respondents	5,752
Average Number of Observations per Respondent	2.4

Variables	Marginal Effects	95% C.I.
Time
2 Years	0.03***	0.01 – 0.05
11 Years	0.38***	0.33 – 0.43
Socioeconomic Variables
Age Centered	0.003**	0.001 – 0.004
Years of Education	−0.06**	−0.001 – (−0.002)
Female	0.07***	0.04 - 0.11
Married	−0.02	−0.05 – 0.01

Note:

^*p = .05;

^**p = .01;

^***p = .001.

Marginal effects with the rest of the covariates at their means.

Source: Author’s calculations using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study^27–29.