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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hum Immunol. 2016 Apr 11;77(6):512–515. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.04.011

Figure 1. Oligonol suppresses the frequency of IL-6-and TNF-α-expressing monocytes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to LPS without inducing cell death.

Figure 1

PBMCs were purified from the peripheral blood of healthy human adults. (A–C) PBMCs were pre-incubated for 60 min with or without Oligonol (0–25 μg/ml) followed by an additional 5-hour incubation with or without LPS (500 ng/ml) in the presence of GolgiPlug. Incubated cells were analyzed for monocytes (CD14+) producing IL-6 and TNF-α using flow cytometry. (A) Dot plots show cells expressing cytokines in monocytes. (B–C) The frequency of IL-6- and TNF-α-expressing cells in monocytes is shown. (D–E) PBMCs were incubated for 6 hours in the presence or absence of Oligonol (0–25 μg/ml) or 10% DMSO (positive control for cell death). Cells were stained with annexin V and 7-AAD followed by flow cytometric analysis for live and dead cells. (D) Dot plots show live (annexin V−, 7-AAD−) and dead cells. (D) The frequency of live cells in monocytes. Numbers in dot plots indicate the frequency of cytokine expressing cells or cells stained or unstained with annexinV and/or 7-AAD. (A, D) representative data from 3 independent experiments with 3 donors. (B, C, E) data from 3 donors. Bars and error bars indicate mean and standard error of mean (SEM), respectively. *P < 0.05.