Table 2.
Summary of cellular measurements.
| Descriptive statistics | Model-based inferences* | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | Tpt | ratio, A1/Tpt | Diagnosis p-val. | Area p-val. | ||||||||
| N | Ave | **%CV | *** ratio | N | Ave | %CV | ratio | |||||
|
|
|
|
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| CELL DENSITY | ||||||||||||
| Total neuron density, per cubic millimeter | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 19 | 42,069 | 15 | - | 19 | 34,147 | 17 | - | 1.23 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 38,362 | 15 | 0.91 | 17 | 34,608 | 10 | 1.01 | 1.11 | |||
| SZ | 12 | 43,333 | 10 | 1.03 | 13 | 36,831 | 13 | 1.08 | 1.18 | 0.12 | 3.8E-08 | |
| Glia cell density, per cubic millimeter | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 19 | 61,381 | 16 | - | 19 | 62,480 | 20 | - | 0.98 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 62,733 | 13 | 1.02 | 17 | 61,288 | 11 | 0.98 | 1.02 | |||
| SZ | 12 | 59,483 | 8 | 0.97 | 13 | 59,766 | 13 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.97 | |
| Parvalbumin neuron density, per cubic millimeter | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | - | - | - | - | 17 | 1,760 | 23 | - | - | |||
| MDD | - | - | - | - | 14 | 1,476 | 22 | 0.84 | - | |||
| SZ | - | - | - | - | 13 | 1,737 | 17 | 0.99 | - | 0.13 | - | |
| Calbindin neuron density, per cubic millimeter | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 18 | 2,050 | 17 | - | 18 | 1,912 | 32 | - | 1.07 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 1,565 | 25 | 0.76 | 17 | 1,472 | 34 | 0.77 | 1.06 | |||
| SZ | 12 | 2,237 | 23 | 1.09 | 13 | 2,099 | 24 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 4.9E-05 | 0.12 | |
| Calretinin neuron density, per cubic millimeter | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 19 | 2,918 | 26 | - | 19 | 2,735 | 22 | - | 1.07 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 2,081 | 16 | 0.71 | 17 | 2,013 | 21 | 0.74 | 1.03 | |||
| SZ | 12 | 2,915 | 25 | 1.00 | 13 | 2,600 | 28 | 0.95 | 1.12 | 1.1E-05 | 0.06 | |
| CELL SIZE | ||||||||||||
| Total neuron size, radius in microns | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 19 | 5.09 | 7 | - | 18 | 5.67 | 6 | - | 0.90 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 5.39 | 7 | 1.06 | 17 | 6.05 | 8 | 1.07 | 0.89 | |||
| SZ | 12 | 5.16 | 6 | 1.01 | 13 | 5.85 | 8 | 1.03 | 0.88 | 0.02 | 2.7E-14 | |
| Parvalbumin neuron size, radius in microns | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | - | - | - | - | 17 | 6.65 | 11 | - | - | |||
| MDD | - | - | - | - | 14 | 6.89 | 6 | 1.04 | - | |||
| SZ | - | - | - | - | 13 | 6.85 | 7 | 1.03 | - | 0.34 | - | |
| Calbindin neuron size, radius in microns | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 18 | 5.77 | 7 | - | 18 | 6.11 | 8 | - | 0.94 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 6.11 | 6 | 1.06 | 17 | 6.48 | 7 | 1.06 | 0.94 | |||
| SZ | 12 | 5.86 | 6 | 1.02 | 13 | 6.03 | 6 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.03 | 2.0E-06 | |
| Calretinin neuron size, radius in microns | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 19 | 4.81 | 6 | - | 19 | 5.13 | 5 | - | 0.94 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 4.80 | 7 | 1.00 | 17 | 5.03 | 4 | 0.98 | 0.95 | |||
| SZ | 12 | 4.79 | 6 | 1.00 | 13 | 4.96 | 4 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.27 | 3.1E-09 | |
| CELL IMMUNOLABELING DENSITY | ||||||||||||
| Parvalbumin neuron labeling density | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | - | - | - | - | 17 | 60.8 | 12 | - | - | |||
| MDD | - | - | - | - | 14 | 61.9 | 21 | 1.02 | - | |||
| SZ | - | - | - | - | 13 | 62.5 | 15 | 1.03 | - | 0.76 | - | |
| Calbindin neuron labeling density | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 18 | 68.7 | 13 | - | 18 | 67.2 | 14 | - | 1.02 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 62.1 | 18 | 0.90 | 17 | 71.8 | 14 | 1.07 | 0.87 | |||
| SZ | 12 | 67.9 | 12 | 0.99 | 13 | 73.2 | 13 | 1.09 | 0.93 | 0.11 | 0.03 | |
| Calretinin neuron labeling density **** | ||||||||||||
| Cntr | 19 | 60.5 | 25 | - | 19 | 65.2 | 22 | - | 0.93 | |||
| MDD | 17 | 53.1 | 21 | 0.88 | 17 | 47.2 | 30 | 0.72 | 1.12 | A1 | 0.08 | |
| SZ | 12 | 54.5 | 38 | 0.90 | 13 | 62.3 | 23 | 0.96 | 0.87 | Tpt | 4.0E-04 | 0.79 |
*
Outcomes measured at 2 brain areas were modeled using mixed effects models with main effects for diagnosis and area, adjusting for age, sex, pmi and storage time. See Methods section 2.9.
**
%CV = 100 x Standard Deviation/Mean.
***
ratio = (MDD or SZ)/non-psychiatric control.
****
The model for Calretinin neuron labeling density has a significant diagnosis-by-area interaction and areas were evaluated separately. See Results section 3.4.