Figure 5. Migration and invasion of CCA cells were reduced by DHMEQ, a specific inhibitor of nuclear translocation of NF-κB.

(A) The inhibition effect of DHMEQ on the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was confirmed by immunocytofluorescence. (B) DHMEQ had no effect on cellular OGP and NF-κB as determined by western blotting. (C) DHMEQ inhibited cell migration and invasion compared with the vehicle control cells. (D) Western blotting indicates that MMP7 expression was suppressed in the presence of DHMEQ. The data (mean ± SEM) in (A,B) represent one of two independent experiments. The quantitative analyses are compared in each graph by using the vehicle control as 100%. *P <  0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.