Table 1.
Univariate characteristics of the study population by risk of transfusion or post-operative pneumonia
| Variable | No Transfusion | Transfusion | RR | CI 95% | ptrend | No Pneumonia | Pneumonia | OR | CI 95% | ptrend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observations | 9,731 | 6451 | 15,606 | 576 | ||||||
| 39.9% | 3.6% | |||||||||
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Patient Age | ||||||||||
| <60 | 34.0 | 20.6 | Ref | 28.7 | 27.8 | Ref | ||||
| 60–69 | 38.1 | 33.5 | 1.29 | (1.20,1.38) | 36.5 | 31.4 | 0.89 | (0.72,1.10) | ||
| 70+ | 27.9 | 45.9 | 1.82 | (1.71,1.95) | 34.9 | 40.8 | 1.21 | (0.99,1.48) | ||
| <0.001 | 0.04 | |||||||||
| Female sex, % | 16.4 | 41.9 | 1.99 | (1.90,2.10) | <0.001 | 26.5 | 29.5 | 1.16 | (0.97,1.40) | |
| Body Mass Index | ||||||||||
| <25 | 13.1 | 23.5 | Ref | 17.1 | 20.1 | Ref | ||||
| 25–29.9 | 36.9 | 35.8 | 0.72 | (0.68,0.77) | 36.7 | 29.5 | 0.68 | (0.52,0.87) | ||
| ≥ 30.0 | 50.0 | 40.7 | 0.65 | (0.61,0.69) | 46.2 | 50.4 | 0.93 | (0.74,1.16) | ||
| <0.001 | 0.711 | |||||||||
| Smoking History, % | ||||||||||
| No Smoking Hx | 67.5 | 70.8 | Ref | 69.3 | 56.3 | Ref | ||||
| Smoking within 1 Year | 12.0 | 12.7 | 1.00 | (0.93,1.08) | 12.2 | 12.9 | 1.29 | (1.00,1.67) | ||
| Smoking within 2 Wks | 20.5 | 16.5 | 0.85 | (0.79,0.91) | 18.5 | 30.9 | 2.06 | (1.71,2.49) | ||
| <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Pneumonia, % | ||||||||||
| No Hx | 93.4 | 90.6 | Ref | 92.5 | 85.7 | Ref | ||||
| Recent | 1.8 | 4.0 | 1.52 | (1.32,1.75) | 2.6 | 6.3 | 2.66 | (1.80,3.94) | ||
| Remote | 4.8 | 5.4 | 1.09 | (0.97,1.23) | 4.9 | 8.0 | 1.77 | (1.25,2.50) | ||
| <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Comorbid Disease, % | ||||||||||
| Chronic Lung Disease, Mod-Sev | 10.1 | 16.3 | 1.36 | (1.27,1.45) | 12.1 | 25.2 | 2.44 | (2.01, 2.97) | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 41.6 | 49.6 | 1.21 | (1.15,1.27) | 44.5 | 53.3 | 1.42 | (1.21,1.68) | ||
| CHF | 8.1 | 19.7 | 1.67 | (1.58,1.78) | 12.3 | 23.8 | 2.22 | (1.82,2.71) | ||
| Periperhal Arterial Disease | 13.2 | 22.5 | 1.43 | (1.34,1.51) | 16.4 | 29.2 | 2.10 | (1.74,2.52) | ||
| Hct, last preop | ||||||||||
| <36 | 11.4 | 46.9 | 4.47 | (4.10,4.88) | 25.1 | 36.8 | 1.84 | (1.45,2.33) | ||
| 36–39 | 27.1 | 29.2 | 2.54 | (2.32,2.79) | 28.0 | 25.5 | 1.14 | (0.88,1.47) | ||
| 40–42 | 30.0 | 14.6 | 1.49 | (1.34,1.65) | 24.1 | 19.4 | 1.01 | (0.77,1.33) | ||
| 43+ | 31.5 | 9.3 | Ref | 22.8 | 18.2 | Ref | ||||
| <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| 2.13 | 4.28 | |||||||||
| Previous operation, % | 1.45 | (1.29,1.64) | 2.97 | 3.3 | 1.11 | (0.70,1.77) | ||||
| Ejection Fraction | ||||||||||
| <40% | 21.2 | 18.6 | 1.32 | (1.23,1.42) | 14.4 | 25.8 | 2.28 | (1.81,2.88) | ||
| 40–9% | 15.7 | 17.3 | 1.11 | (1.03,1.19) | 16.2 | 19.5 | 1.53 | (1.20,1.96) | ||
| 50–9% | 35.7 | 30.6 | 0.96 | (0.90,1.02) | 33.9 | 26.8 | 1.01 | (0.80,1.26) | ||
| 60%+ | 27.4 | 33.5 | Ref | 35.5 | 27.9 | Ref | ||||
| <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Acuity, % | ||||||||||
| Elective | 39.4 | 29.9 | Ref | 36.0 | 25.5 | Ref | ||||
| Urgent | 58.3 | 64.8 | 0.94 | (0.88,1.01) | 60.8 | 64.9 | 1.51 | (1.24,1.83) | ||
| Emergent/Salvage | 2.3 | 5.3 | 1.34 | (1.27,1.42) | 3.2 | 9.6 | 4.15 | (3.01,5.74) | ||
| <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Antibioticsa, % | ||||||||||
| Appropriate Selection | 97.1 | 95.6 | 0.79 | (0.70,0.89) | 96.5 | 95.8 | 0.81 | (0.53,1.23) | ||
| Appropriate Timing | 99.3 | 99.1 | 0.89 | (0.68,1.16) | 99.2 | 99.1 | 0.86 | (0.35,2.12) | ||
a
Patients who had a contraindication to antibiotics were removed from the denominator RR = Relative Risk, OR = Odds Ratio