Table 5.

Overview of preoperative characteristics of relevant studies of open lung biopsy in patients with respiratory insufficiency.

Author, year [reference]	Patients n	Mean age	Preoperative ventilation (%)	Mean PaO2/FiO2	APACHE II score	Pre-OLB steroid (%)	Immunosuppressionα (%)	Preoperative BAL (%)
Warner et al., 1988 [5]	88	55	25	n/a	n/a	53	93	14
Papazian et al., 1998 [15]	36	59	100	118	n/a	n/a	3	100
Flabouris and Myburgh, 1999 [7]	24	49	58	161	n/a	n/a	29	100
Chuang et al., 2003 [6]	17	37	47	192	n/a	n/a	12	68
Patel et al., 2004 [8]	57	53	96	145	n/a	26	30	77
Kao et al., 2006 [9]	41	55	100	116	22	n/a	41	78
Arabi et al., 2007 [4]	14	51	100	153	23	n/a	n/a	100
Baumann et al., 2008 [10]	27	49	100	188	n/a	n/a	67	100
Lim et al., 2007 [16]	36	58	100	119	17	50	28	86
Charbonney et al., 2009 [17]	19	50	100	119	n/a	53	90	95
Kao et al., 2015 [11]	101	57	100	142	23	38	26	85
Hughes and McGuire, 1997 [18]	27	57	100	n/a	n/a	22	25	85
Lachapelle and Morin, 1995 [19]	31	55	80	n/a	n/a	n/a	59	97
Guerin et al., 2015β [3]	113	65	100	114	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Papazian et al., 2007 [14]	100	58	100	129	n/a	0	4	100
Bove et al., 1994 [20]	73	50	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	32	n/a
Canver and Mentzer Jr., 1994 [21]	27	51	100	n/a	n/a	59	0	70
Soh et al., 2005 [22]	32	51	100	163	19	41	44μ	n/a
Present study	76	63	47	141	22	70	26	16

n/a: not available.

α: immunosuppression definition includes one or more of the following: chemotherapy during the 60 days before lung biopsy, immunosuppressive medication including long term steroid use, organ transplantation, absolute neutrophil count < 1,000/mL, and/or AIDS.

β: baseline data only given for 83 (patients with ARDS as per Berlin definition) of the 113 patients.

μ: history of malignant disease or having recently received or were undergoing chemotherapy.