Table 2.
Status of mentoring practices.
| Mentorship characteristics∗ | Clinician versus nonclinician† | Career stage‡ | Total (n = 172) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonclinician (n = 123) | Clinician (n = 45) | M.S. (n = 19) | Ph.D. (n = 56) | Postdoctoral (n = 55) | New investigator§ (n = 18) | ||
| Type of mentor, % | |||||||
| Panel (multiple mentors) | 38.2 | 35.6 | 31.6 | 44.6 | 27.3 | 44.4 | 36.6 |
| Single mentor | 10.6 | 13.3 | 21.1 | 3.6 | 10.9 | 27.8 | 11.0 |
| Supervisor acts as mentor | 72.4 | 44.4 | 94.7 | 73.2 | 80.0 | 16.7 | 65.1 |
| Peer mentor | 15.4 | 20.0 | 26.3 | 10.7 | 12.7 | 38.9 | 16.9 |
| No mentor | 5.7 | 8.9 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 5.6 | 7.0 |
| Other | 4.9 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 |
| Missing | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Form of mentorship, % | |||||||
| Formal | 14.6 | 8.9 | 21.1 | 16.1 | 10.9 | 5.6 | 12.8 |
| Informal | 56.1 | 46.7 | 42.1 | 41.1 | 58.2 | 77.8 | 54.1 |
| Mixed | 43.1 | 37.8 | 63.2 | 57.1 | 38.2 | 11.1 | 40.7 |
| Mandatory | 17.1 | 6.7 | 36.8 | 23.2 | 7.3 | 0.0 | 14.0 |
| No mentor | 4.9 | 8.9 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 5.6 | 16.4 |
| Other | 0.0 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 |
| Missing | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Topics discussed with mentor, % | |||||||
| Administrative | 35.0 | 51.1 | 36.8 | 30.4 | 34.5 | 66.7 | 38.4 |
| Clinical | 4.9 | 40.0 | 21.1 | 14.3 | 9.1 | 22.2 | 14.0 |
| Research | 93.5 | 91.1 | 94.7 | 98.2 | 96.4 | 94.1 | 92.4 |
| Teaching/training | 51.2 | 60.0 | 57.9 | 60.7 | 41.8 | 61.1 | 52.3 |
| Work-life balance | 27.6 | 44.4 | 42.1 | 28.6 | 30.9 | 44.4 | 32.0 |
| Career guidance | 59.3 | 66.7 | 42.1 | 66.1 | 60.0 | 72.2 | 60.5 |
| None of the above | 4.9 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 2.3 |
| Signed mentoring agreement, % | |||||||
| Yes | 17.1 | 13.3 | 26.3 | 16.1 | 16.4 | 11.1 | 15.7 |
| No | 82.1 | 84.4 | 73.7 | 82.1 | 83.6 | 88.9 | 83.1 |
| Missing | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 |
| Current mentoring program involves, % | |||||||
| Defined goals | 45.5 | 42.2 | 57.9 | 50.0 | 45.5 | 27.8 | 43.6 |
| Defined timelines | 43.9 | 35.6 | 42.1 | 51.8 | 43.6 | 22.2 | 40.7 |
| Defined commitments for the mentor | 28.5 | 20.0 | 42.1 | 30.4 | 29.1 | 5.6 | 25.6 |
| Defined commitments for the trainee | 38.2 | 28.9 | 52.6 | 35.7 | 41.8 | 16.7 | 34.9 |
| Defined frequency and nature of interaction with the mentor | 23.6 | 28.9 | 42.1 | 28.6 | 16.4 | 22.2 | 24.4 |
| None of the above | 35.0 | 35.6 | 26.3 | 30.4 | 32.7 | 50.0 | 36.6 |
| Missing | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 |
| Participant is a mentor for other trainees, % | |||||||
| Yes | 68.3 | 57.8 | 36.8 | 60.7 | 78.2 | 61.1 | 65.7 |
| No | 28.5 | 42.2 | 57.9 | 37.5 | 21.8 | 38.9 | 32.0 |
| Missing | 3.3 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 |
M.S.: Master's student; Ph.D.: doctoral student. ∗Stratified by clinical background and career stage so that columns are not mutually exclusive. Rows are not mutually exclusive; respondents may have checked off more than one form of mentorship, thereby causing the rows (totals) to be >100%. †4 participants did not specify whether or not they were clinicians. ‡24 participants did not specify their career stage or marked their career stage as “other.” §Within 60 months of first academic appointment.