Table 2.

Characteristics of previously reported cases of A. neuii infections in the literature.

Infection	Number of cases	Coisolates	Treatment	Outcomes	References
Abscess/infected atheromaa	56	Coagulase-negative staphylococci  Enterococcus spp.   Corynebacterium spp. Anaerobes	Incision and drainage, with or without antibiotic therapy (usually β-lactams, occasionally tetracycline, ciprofloxacin)	Generally favourable if source control is achieved	[6, 17, 19, 22–26]
Cutaneous infectionb	9	Coagulase-negative staphylococci (eight cases)	Not reported	Favourable	[17, 19]
Genitourinary infectionc	6	None	Antibiotic therapy with β-lactams	Favourable	[19, 27]
Bacteremiad	8	None	Two cases reported therapy:  Ampicillin with gentamicin (two weeks), followed by PO penicillin (four weeks)  Initial ciprofloxacin followed by imipeneme	Generally favourable (one mortality)	[19, 27]
Endocarditis	1	None	Aortic valve excision with homograft implantation followed by ampicillin (three weeks), ceftriaxone (nine weeks), and then PO doxycycline (nine months)	Favourable	[28]
Chronic pericarditis	1	None	Pericardial fluid drainage and antibiotic therapy (specific antibiotics not reported)	Not reported	[29]
Lymphadenitis	1	Viridans group streptococci  Prevotella timonensis  Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci	Lymph node and fistula excision followed by IV and then PO amoxicillin-clavulanate (six months)	Favourable	[30]
Osteomyelitis	2	Dermabacter hominis (one case)	Surgical curettage followed by β-lactam therapy for multiple months	Favourable	[25, 31]
Peritonitis (secondary to peritoneal dialysis)	2	None	Catheter retention with either intraperitoneal cefazolin and ceftazidime (two weeks) followed by penicillin G (four weeks), or intraperitoneal ampicillin, teicoplanin, and tobramycin (two weeks)	Favourable	[32, 33]
Endophthalmitis	6	None	Various systemic (PO or IV) and direct (intravitreal or subconjunctival injections, drops) antibiotics	Favourable	[34–38]
Prosthetic material infectionf	8	Typically none  Coagulase-negative staphylococci and mixed anaerobes (breast implant case)	Removal/replacement of prosthetic material followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy (weeks to one year, depending on the infection)	Favourable	[25, 39–45]

^aIncluding breast, axillary, inguinal, iliac crest, ischiorectal, and pilonidal abscesses; one case of hidradenitis suppurativa; most sites were not specified.

^bIncluding ulcer infections, diabetic foot ulcer infections, and cellulitis.

^cIncluding urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and chorioamnionitis.

^dIncluding one case of neonatal sepsis secondary to chorioamnionitis; the remaining cases had unclear or unreported sources.

^eThe patient treated with this regimen is the single mortality reported in the literature associated with A. neuii infection.

^fIncluding infections of an intravenous catheter, a mechanical heart valve, a hip prosthesis, a penile prosthesis, breast implants, and ventriculoperitoneal shunts.