Table 2.
Apathy, NRS, RDQ, PDAS, HADS, and PCS scores after four-week treatment in the tramadol and celecoxib groups.
| Variable | Tramadol (n = 36) | Celecoxib (n = 37) | P | Cohen's d | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||
| Apathy Scale (points) | 12.8 ± 5.7 | 15.9 ± 6.2 | <0.05 | 0.59 | 0.31 | 6.6 |
| NRS | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 1.9 | <0.05 | 0.64 | 0.23 | 2.18 |
| RDQ (points) | 8.5 ± 5.3 | 11.2 ± 6.3 | 0.08 | 0.46 | −0.41 | 5.75 |
| PDAS (points) | 25.9 ± 16 | 26.3 ± 14 | 0.77 | 0.08 | −6.46 | 8.72 |
| HADS anxiety (points) | 5.8 ± 4.1 | 6.6 ± 4.3 | 0.48 | 0.19 | −1.41 | 3.01 |
| HADS depression (points) | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 6.9 ± 4.1 | <0.05 | 0.55 | 0.07 | 3.98 |
| PCS (points) | 28 ± 13.1 | 29.9 ± 12.5 | 0.35 | 0.24 | −3.54 | 9.6 |
NRS: numerical rating scale; RDQ: Rolland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; PDAS: Pain Disability Assessment Scale; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale; data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.