Table 4.
Comparisons for postoperative outcomes on male patients.
| Nonsmokers | Current-smokers | Past-smokers | P value | Adjusted P valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gr1 versus Gr2 | Gr2 versus Gr3 | ||||||
| POD1 | VASM1 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 5.6 ± 1.8∗ | 5.0 ± 1.8 | 0.044 | 0.090 | 0.096 |
| VASR1 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 1.6∗ | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 0.006 | 0.045 | 0.208 | |
| DOSE1 (mg) | 25.7 ± 15.0 | 32.2 ± 19.8∗ | 25.9 ± 16.7 | 0.004 | 0.011 | 0.056 | |
| PONV1 | 24 (15.4%) | 23 (17.8%) | 11 (8.9%) | 0.113 | |||
|
| |||||||
| POD2 | VASM2 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 0.179 | 0.158 | 0.344 |
| VASR2 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 0.062 | 0.127 | 0.959 | |
| DOSE2 (mg) | 45.3 ± 25.9 | 64.7 ± 38.5∗ | 46.8 ± 28.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PONV2 | 12 (7.6%) | 5 (3.9%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.106 | |||
|
| |||||||
| POD3 | VASM3 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 0.187 | 0.818 | 0.818 |
| VASR3 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.185 | 0.584 | 0.927 | |
| DOSE3 (mg) | 55.7 ± 32.9 | 77.9 ± 49.0∗ | 55.7 ± 33.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | |
| PONV3 | 4 (2.5%) | 3 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.213 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Satisfied score | 8.4 ± 0.8 | 8.3 ± 1.0 | 8.3 ± 0.9 | 0.833 | |||
| Morbidity | 20 (13%) | 21 (16%) | 20 (17%) | 0.649 | |||
Data were presented as mean ± SD or number (%). Gr1: nonsmokers group; Gr2: current-smokers group; Gr3: past-smokers group; POD1: postoperative day one; POD2: postoperative day two; POD3: postoperative day three; PONV: postoperative nausea and vomiting; VASM: visual analogue scales on movement; VASR: visual analogue scales at rest; DOSE: postoperative morphine consumption; ∗: P < 0.05 when compared with nonsmokers or past-smokers. aControlling for age, weight, and surgical duration when dependent variable is DOSE; controlling for age and surgical duration when dependent variable is VASM and VASR.