Table 2.
Mean values (standard deviation) in mood, catastrophizing, and pain disability among the cluster subgroups.
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | F | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DASS total | 33.1 (14.7) | 26.5 (11.9) | 17.3 (11.0) | 25.6 | <0.001 |
| DASS depression | 10.9 (5.6) | 8.7 (4.8) | 5.3 (4.0) | 21.7 | <0.001 |
| DASS anxiety | 11.5 (4.9) | 9.2 (4.2) | 6.2 (4.0) | 24.1 | <0.001 |
| DASS stress | 11.4 (5.5) | 8.8 (4.2) | 5.8 (4.0) | 24.6 | <0.001 |
| PCS | 42.7 (9.7) | 37.9 (10.1) | 28.8 (9.2) | 25.3 | <0.001 |
| PDI | 38.6 (9.0) | 36.4 (10.5) | 34.1 (12.6) | 3.1 | <0.03 |
Bold values denote p < 0.05. DASS = Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; and PDI = Pain Disability Index.