Table 2. Demographics of participants at various phases of the TuCASA cohort.
| Phase 1 | Phase 2 | Phase 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male | 98 (51%) | 98 (51%) | 98 (51%) |
| Female | 96 (49%) | 96 (49%) | 96 (49%) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 131 (67%) | 131 (67%) | 131 (67%) |
| Hispanic | 63 (33%) | 63 (33%) | 63 (33%) |
| Age‡ | 8.7 (± 1.6) | 13.1 (± 1.6) | 15 (( ± 1.8) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)* | 31 (16%) | 14 (7%) | |
| Reported diagnosis of OSA | 4 (2%) | ||
| Difficulty falling asleep | 34 (18%) | 65 (34%) | 74 (38%) |
| Difficulty staying asleep | 16 (8%) | 24 (12%) | 30 (16%) |
| Early morning awakening | 24 (12%) | 54 (28%) | 49 (25%) |
| Time in bed ≥ 9 hours | 187 (96%) | 115 (59%) | 54 (28%) |
| Daytime sleepiness | 15 (8%) | 48 (25%) | 61 (31%) |
| Insufficient sleep | 21 (11%) | 55 (28%) | 70 (36%) |
| Learning problems | 7 (4%) | 10 (5%) | 13 (7%) |
| Insomnia (nighttime symptoms alone)§ | 52 (27%) | 104 (54%) | 98 (51%) |
| Insomnia with daytime sleepiness | 4 (2%) | 34 (18%) | 41 (21%) |
| Insomnia with daytime impairment** | 21 (11%) | 37 (19%) | 67 (35%) |
| Insomnia (ICSD2-derived)*** | 20 (10%) | 36 (19%) | 16 (8%) |
‡Age is reported as mean ± standard deviation.
*In phase 1 and 2, polysomnography was performed, and an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 1.5 determined obstructive sleep apnea. For phase 3, obstructive sleep apnea was assessed by asking participants if they had been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea.
§Insomnia requiring only the subjective complaint of problems falling asleep, staying asleep or waking too early in the morning.
**Insomnia including nighttime symptoms plus daytime symptoms including learning problems, daytime sleepiness, or concern about not getting enough sleep.
***International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD2) derived insomnia includes subjective complaint of problems falling asleep, staying asleep or waking too early in the morning with the additional requirements of ≥ 9 hours of time in bed as well as daytime symptoms including learning problems, daytime sleepiness, or concern about not getting enough sleep.