Table 4. Regression of insomnia and health-related quality of life.
| Peds QL total | Physical | Emotional | Social | School | Psychosocial | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | p | B (SE) | p | B (SE) | p | B (SE) | p | B (SE) | p | B (SE) | p | |
| Age | −0.8 (0.6) | 0.1 | −0.8 (0.5) | 0.1 | −1.5 (0.9) | 0.07 | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.3 | −1.6 (0.8) | 0.03 | −0.8 (0.6) | 0.2 |
| Female gender | −1.2 (1.9) | 0.53 | −3.1 (1.8) | 0.1 | −4.8 (3.0) | 0.1 | 3.4 (2.4) | 0.2 | 0.6 (2.7) | 0.8 | −0.3 (2.3) | 0.9 |
| Caucasian | −1.4 (2.1) | 0.5 | −2.7 (1.9) | 0.2 | 0.9 (3.2) | 0.8 | −4.4 (2.5) | 0.1 | 1.5 (2.9) | 0.6 | −0.7 (2.4) | 0.8 |
| Income <$40,000 | −0.9 (2.0) | 0.7 | −2.1 (1.9) | 0.3 | 1.9 (3.1) | 0.5 | −0.5 (2.5) | 0.9 | −2.3 (2.8) | 0.4 | −0.3 (2.4) | 0.9 |
| <4 years college | −2.2 (1.9) | 0.3 | −0.7 (1.8) | 0.7 | −4.1 (3.0) | 0.2 | −3.5 (2.4) | 0.1 | −3.7 (2.7) | 0.2 | −3.8 (2.2) | 0.1 |
| Use of psychiatric medication | −17.1 (3.4) | <0.001 | −5.7 (3.3) | 0.1 | −20.4 (5.4) | <0.001 | −21.7 (4.2) | <0.001 | −27.6 (4.7) | <0.001 | −23.2 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | −4.3 (6.8) | 0.5 | −6.0 (6.3) | 0.3 | −5.9 (10.5) | 0.6 | −1.4 (8.4) | 0.9 | −2.8 (9.5) | 0.8 | −3.4 (8.0) | 0.7 |
| Intermittent insomnia | −9.9 (2.1) | <0.001 | −8.0 (2.3) | <0.001 | −14.3 (3.2) | <0.001 | −10.2 (2.7) | <0.001 | −8.4 (3.1) | 0.007 | −11.0 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Persistent insomnia | −11.7 (2.4) | <0.001 | −7.1 (2.3) | 0.002 | −20.8 (3.7) | <0.001 | −11.9 (3.1) | <0.001 | −9.6 (3.5) | 0.007 | −14.1 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Intermittent ICSD2-derived insomnia | −19.0 (5.1) | <0.001 | −13.9 (4.9) | 0.005 | −21.0 (8.1) | 0.01 | −34.2 (6.1) | <0.001 | −10.2 (7.4) | 0.17 | −21.8 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Persistent ICSD2-derived insomnia | −24.5 (4.9) | <0.001 | −16.5 (4.7) | 0.001 | −29.0 (7.8) | <0.001 | −38.9 (5.9) | <0.001 | −18.5 (7.1) | 0.01 | −28.9 (5.7) | <0.001 |
Insomnia was defined as presence of at least one of the following symptoms: trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. ICSD2-derived insomnia was determined by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD2) criteria. ICSD2-derived insomnia required the presence of at least one of the following symptoms of trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning, in addition to reporting adequate time in bed (≥9 hours) and the presence of at least one of the following daytime symptoms: learning problems, daytime sleepiness, or concern about not getting enough sleep.