Table 4.
Changes of cardiac parameters
| Stage 1 (N = 30) | Stage 2 (N = 26) | Stage 3 (N = 34) | P values | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart failure status | ||||||||
| NYHA functional class | ||||||||
| Preoperative | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 0.001 | ||||
| Postoperative | 1.1 ± 0.4* | 1.6 ± 0.9* | 1.6 ± 0.8* | 0.23 | ||||
| Follow-up | 1.1 ± 0.4* | 1.4 ± 0.5* | 1.8 ± 0.8*§ | 0.028 | ||||
| Left ventricular parameters | ||||||||
| LV end-diastolic diameter, mm | ||||||||
| Preoperative | 56 ± 7 | 66 ± 5 | 70 ± 7 | <0.001 | ||||
| Postoperative | 50 ± 5* | 57 ± 6* | 62 ± 8* | <0.001 | ||||
| Follow-up | 52 ± 9* | 59 ± 7* | 65 ± 9* | <0.001 | ||||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | ||||||||
| Preoperative | 45 ± 12 | 32 ± 9 | 27 ± 9 | <0.001 | ||||
| Postoperative | 46 ± 13 | 34 ± 8 | 36 ± 14* | 0.001 | ||||
| Follow-up | 47 ± 12 | 42 ± 11*§ | 33 ± 14* | 0.005 | ||||
| LV end-systolic volume index (ml/m2) | ||||||||
| Preoperative | – | 101 ± 24 | 132 ± 56 | 0.030 | ||||
| Postoperative | – | 67 ± 22* | 74 ± 28* | 0.29 | ||||
| Reduction rate (%) | – | 36 ± 15 | 40 ± 15 | – | ||||
| Mitral valve parameters | ||||||||
| Mitral regurgitation grade | ||||||||
| Preoperative | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.93 | ||||
| Postoperative | 0.5 ± 0.5* | 0.3 ± 0.4* | 0.4 ± 0.6* | 0.54 | ||||
| Follow-up | 1.4 ± 1.1*§ | 1.2 ± 1.0*§ | 0.8 ± 0.6*§ | 0.11 | ||||
| Coaptation distance (mm) | ||||||||
| Preoperative | 7 ± 2 | 9 ± 2 | 10 ± 4 | 0.006 | ||||
| Postoperative | 7 ± 2 | 4 ± 2* | 3 ± 3* | 0.004 | ||||
| Interpapillary muscle distance (mm) | ||||||||
| Preoperative | 24 ± 3 | 30 ± 6 | 31 ± 7 | 0.005 | ||||
| Postoperative | 21 ± 2* | 8 ± 7* | 5 ± 7* | <0.001 | ||||
*P <0.05 compared with baseline parameters, §P <0.05 compared with postoperative parameters
LV: left ventricle; NYHA: New York Heart Association