Figure 2.

Double-edged regulation of tumorigenesis by DYRK1A. DYRK1A has been associated with protumoral activity (green boxes) by activating (green arrows) known oncogenic proteins (red boxes) or by inhibiting (red lines) tumor suppressors (red boxes). However, an antitumoral capacity of DYRK1A has been also described through its activation of tumor suppressors or its inhibition of oncogenic proteins. To add complexity to DYRK1A function, some of the known substrates of this kinase can have both oncogenic and tumor suppressor activities (green and red boxes), depending on the cellular context and the developmental stage.