Table 2.
Pathological study subject demographics and clinical features
| Group | Young controls | Old controls | PSND | PSD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 10 | 15 | 23 | 17 | |
| Age (years) * | 61.1 ± 2.3 | 84.2 ± 2.6 | 84.0 ± 0.8 | 87.6 ± 1.4 | |
| Gender (F:M) | 5:2 | 13:2 | 8:15 | 10:7 | |
| PMD (h) | 46 ± 9 | 39 ± 6 | 37 ± 4 | 39 ± 6 | |
| Clinical and psychometric features | |||||
| MMSE (0–30) * | Na | na | 27.3 ± 0.3 | 16.5 ± 1.2 | |
| Total CAMCOG (0–106) * | na | na | 88.8 (83–98) | 62.5 (24–80) | |
| Time from baseline to death (months) | – | – | 63.5 (22) | 64.4 (14) | |
| Memory subscore (/27) * | – | – | 21.4 (2.8) | 15 (4.3) | |
| Executive function subscore (/28) * | – | – | 16.6 (1.2) | 11.1 (1.9) | |
| Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) * | – | – | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 1.28 (0.25) | |
| Hemisphere with visible change or not on CT; None, right, left, both | – | – | 14, 3, 2, 4 | 8, 4, 1, 4 | |
| OCSP stroke classification LACS, PACS, POCS, TACS | – | – | 13, 4, 2, 4 | 8, 4, 1, 4 | |
| Pathological markers | |||||
| Braak Staging range a | 0–I | I–III | I–IV | I–IV | |
| Tau (AT-8) Score 0–6 (range) b | – | 1.3 (1–3) | 1 (1) | 1.3 (1–3) | |
| CERAD Score range c | – | 1–2 | 1–2 | 1––3 | |
| Vascular pathology score (range) d | – | 8.1 (8–10) | 13.5 (13–14) | 13.3 (9–17) | |
| White matter score (SEM) e | – | 1.5 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.4) | |
| Myelin index (SEM) e | – | 25 (2) | 30 (4) | 34 (3) | |
| Sclerotic index (SEM) e | – | 0.40 (0.03) | 0.44 (0.02) | 0.40 (0.01) | |
| Perivascular spacing (SEM) e | – | 83 (8.6) | 82 (4.6) | 82 (5.2) | |
Numbers represent mean values (±2 SEM) and where given with the range of values in parentheses. The causes of death included bronchopneumonia, cardiac arrest and carcinoma with no particular distribution in any group. The time period (weeks) of tissue fixation was in range 8–40 weeks for all the cases. There was no pathological diagnosis in young or old controls.
a Braak staging in >90% of the cases was below III. None of the cases had neurofibrillary pathology above stage V ( Kalaria et al. , 2004 ).
b Hyperphosphorylated Tau scores were derived by immunostaining sections with AT-8 antibody using a visual rating score from 0 to 6 in order of severity. AT8 immunoreactivity was not significantly different between PSND and PSD.
c CERAD scores were determined as 1 = sparse, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe.
d Vascular pathology scores were derived as described previously ( Deramecourt et al. , 2012 ).
e Data for the frontal lobe only.
*Significance: P < 0.05 between young and older controls and between the PSND and PSD groups.
CERAD = Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease score; n = number; na = not available; OCSP = Oxford Community Stroke Project; PMD = post-mortem delay; LACS = lacunar stroke; PACS = partial anterior circulation stroke; POCS = posterior circulation stroke; TACS = total anterior circulation stroke.