Table 2.

Prevalence ratios and 95% CIs of prevalent BPH/LUTS-related outcomes by baseline history or evidence of sexually transmitted infections; Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial^*.

	Self-reported history of		Serologic evidence of						History or evidence of any STIs
	Gonorrhea	Syphilis	Chlamydia trachomatis	Trichomonas vaginalis	HPV-16 or -18	HSV-2	HHV-8	CMV
Physician diagnosis of an enlarged prostate/BPH	1.18 (1.09, 1.29)	1.20 (0.97, 1.47)	1.07 (0.81, 1.42)	1.07 (0.79, 1.44)	1.02 (0.79, 1.31)	0.95 (0.71, 1.28)	1.04 (0.73, 1.48)	0.88 (0.70, 1.11)	1.05 (0.77, 1.43)
Nocturia†	1.09 (1.02, 1.16)	1.24 (1.09, 1.43)	1.06 (0.87, 1.29)	1.36 (1.18, 1.65)	0.97 (0.80, 1.18)	1.07 (0.88, 1.30)	0.78 (0.57, 1.06)	1.10 (0.91, 1.33)	0.97 (0.76, 1.23)
BPH surgery	0.89 (0.65, 1.22)	1.44 (0.77, 2.68)	1.63 (0.84, 3.16)	0.47 (0.15, 1.52)	1.23 (0.68, 2.20)	0.63 (0.27, 1.43)	2.15 (1.04, 4.47)	1.47 (0.69, 3.13)	1.54 (0.56, 4.25)
DRE-estimated prostate volume ≥30 mL	0.93 (0.88, 0.99)	0.95 (0.84, 1.09)	1.00 (0.85, 1.17)	1.21 (1.02, 1.43)	0.91 (0.77, 1.06)	0.96 (0.82, 1.13)	0.99 (0.79, 1.25)	0.98 (0.84, 1.14)	1.08 (0.88, 1.32)
PSA> 1.4 ng/mL	0.94 (0.88, 1.00)	0.94 (0.80, 1.10)	0.97 (0.80, 1.18)	0.93 (0.74, 1.17)	0.84 (0.69, 1.02)	0.81 (0.66, 1.00)	1.14 (0.91, 1.44)	0.99 (0.84, 1.16)	0.92 (0.75, 1.12)
Evidence of LUTS and prostate enlargement	1.02 (0.95, 1.09)	1.07 (0.91, 1.26)	1.02 (0.83, 1.25)	1.32 (1.09, 1.61)	0.99 (0.81, 1.20)	0.98 (0.80, 1.21)	1.01 (0.78, 1.31)	1.00 (0.86, 1.20)	0.94 (0.75, 1.20)

CMV, cytomegalovirus; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2; HHV-8, human herpesvirus type 8; HPV, human papillomavirus; PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; STI, sexually transmitted infection.

^*Calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance estimation and adjusted for age, race, and year of entry into PLCO and also batch or plate dates for serological diagnosis.

^†Waking ≥2 times/night to urinate.