Table 3.
Risk ratios and 95% CIs of incident BPH/LUTS-related outcomes by baseline history or evidence of sexually transmitted infections; Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial*.
| Self-reported history of
|
Serological evidence of
|
History or evidence of any STIs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gonorrhoea | Syphilis | Chlamydia trachomatis | Trichomonas vaginalis | HPV-16 or -18 | HSV-2 | HHV-8 | CMV | ||
| Physician diagnosis of an enlarged prostate/BPH† | |||||||||
| Excluding men with any evidence of BPH/LUTS at baseline | 0.92 (0.76, 1.13) | 0.37 (0.13, 1.07) | 1.08 (0.59, 1.99) | 0.88 (0.41, 1.90) | 1.01 (0.62, 1.66) | 1.36 (0.84, 2.21) | 0.64 (0.30, 1.37) | 0.67 (0.45, 1.00) | 0.78 (0.48, 1.29) |
| Excluding men with the outcome of interest at baseline | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 0.76 (0.56, 1.03) | 0.84 (0.61, 1.18) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.30) | 0.87 (0.63, 1.21) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.30) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.30) |
| Nocturia†, ‡ | |||||||||
| Excluding men with any evidence of BPH/LUTS at baseline | 0.92 (0.75, 1.11) | 1.39 (0.93, 2.10) | 1.29 (0.73, 2.28) | 0.99 (0.48, 2.01) | 0.82 (0.45, 1.50) | 0.98 (0.53, 1.81) | 1.20 (0.60, 2.38) | 0.93 (0.60, 1.45) | 1.12 (0.63, 1.99) |
| Excluding men with the outcome of interest at baseline | 1.05 (0.94, 1.16) | 1.19 (0.91, 1.54) | 0.87 (0.61, 1.24) | 0.95 (0.64, 1.41) | 0.78 (0.54, 1.13) | 1.26 (0.92, 1.73) | 1.15 (0.81, 1.65) | 0.88 (0.69, 1.13) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.27) |
| Finasteride use† | |||||||||
| Excluding men with any evidence of BPH/LUTS at baseline | 1.28 (0.69, 2.38) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Excluding men with the outcome of interest at baseline | 1.04 (0.79, 1.36) | 1.43 (0.78, 2.63) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| DRE-estimated prostate volume ≥30 mL§ | |||||||||
| Excluding men with any evidence of BPH/LUTS at baseline | 0.95 (0.85, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.72, 1.38) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Excluding men with the outcome of interest at baseline | 0.95 (0.89, 1.03) | 1.18 (1.01, 1.37) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.18) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.17) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.31) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.15) |
| PSA> 1.4 ng/mL§ | |||||||||
| Excluding men with any evidence of BPH/LUTS at baseline | 0.79 (0.63, 0.99) | 0.51 (0.20, 1.27) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Excluding men with the outcome of interest at baseline | 0.86 (0.76, 0.98) | 0.95 (0.68, 1.34) | 1.13 (0.77, 1.65) | 1.35 (0.92, 1.99) | 0.97 (0.66, 1.42) | 0.99 (0.65, 1.50) | 0.64 (0.34, 1.21) | 0.74 (0.55, 1.01) | 0.80 (0.55, 1.16) |
| Evidence of LUTS and prostate enlargement†, §, ¶ | |||||||||
| Excluding men with any evidence of BPH/LUTS at baseline | 0.86 (0.71, 1.03) | 1.14 (0.73, 1.77) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Excluding men with the outcome of interest at baseline | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 1.25 (1.07, 1.46) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.05) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 0.86 (0.64, 1.16) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.24) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.31) |
CMV, cytomegalovirus; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2; HHV-8, human herpesvirus type 8; HPV, human papillomavirus; PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
Calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance estimation and adjusted for age, race, and year of entry into the PLCO trial.
Also adjusted for time between the baseline and supplemental questionnaires.
Waking ≥2 times/night to urinate.
Also adjusted for number of PSA tests and time between PSA tests.
Also adjusted for number of DREs and time between DREs.