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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Read Writ. 2016 Jan 4;29(4):633–657. doi: 10.1007/s11145-015-9619-3

Table 3.

Between-grade Effect Size (Cohen’s d) Differences for Vocabulary and Spelling

Grade 6 7 8 9 10
6 - 0.08 0.19 0.34 0.59
7 0.30 - 0.12 0.27 0.54
8 0.52 0.16 - 0.14 0.40
9 0.68 0.32 0.19 - 0.29
10 1.12 0.67 0.58 0.37 -

Note. Upper-diagonal are pair-wise effect size differences for spelling, below-diagonal are pair wise effect size differences for vocabulary.