Antral follicles were cultured with CAA, BAA or IAA for 96 hours. After culture, media were collected and analyzed for estradiol levels. DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide, CAA = chloroacetic acid, BAA = bromoacetic acid, IAA = iodoacetic acid. Data represent means ± SEM from at least three separate experiments. Asterisks (*) represent significant differences from DMSO control (p ≤ 0.05).