Fig. 2.

Effects of restraint stress (60 min) on corticosterone levels in adult male ICR mice treated with or without anesthesia. The restraint group was euthanized by decapitation immediately after the restraint stress (60 min) without anesthesia (A). The intact and restraint groups were euthanized by decapitation after saliva collection, and saliva was collected for 40 min following 10 min anesthesia induction (B). Each value represents the mean ± SE of six to seven animals. The open bars show intact control (non-stress) group, and the hatched bars show restraint stress groups. Statistically significant corticosterone levels were determined by Student’s t-test (***P<0.001).