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Sketch of antigen processing and presentation. Buffer stop symbols indicate steps at which substitution of the antigenic peptide’s C-terminal amino acid with Ala (X9Ala) could block peptide processing. TAP, transporter associated with antigen processing/presentation; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERGIC, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Red oval symbols indicate immune evasion proteins interfering with vesicular flow trafficking of pMHC-I complexes.
