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. 2016 Jun 14;7:162. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00162

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Copyright © 2016 Sasagawa, Nishimura, Okabe, Murakami, Ashikawa, Yuge, Kawaguchi, Kawase, Okamoto, Ito and Tanaka.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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gstk1 knockout decreases the cardiac end diastolic and systolic volumes in zebrafish. (A) In vivo imaging of the hearts of control and gstk1-knockout (KO) Tg (myl7:mRFP) zebrafish at 5 dpf. Zebrafish were placed on slides on their backs, and the heart was imaged under a fluorescence microscope at 100 frames/s for 10 s. Image stack projections and the M-mode imaging of ventricles are shown. Bar, 100 μm. (B) Quantitative analysis of the in vivo imaging of zebrafish heart. The end diastolic volume (EDV) of gstk1-KO zebrafish was significantly smaller than that of control zebrafish, whereas the end systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) were not significantly different. N = 13 and 7 for the control and gstk1-KO groups, respectively. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs. control group.