Table 3.
Effects of flooding measured after the end of the growing season following the flooding experiments, on mean earlywood-vessel area (mean vessel area, μm2), mean of the 20 largest earlywood vessels (maximum vessel area, μm2), vessel density (#/mm) and ring width (μm) compared to control trees.
| Treatment | Duration | Duration ∗ treatment | Height | Height ∗ duration | Height ∗ treatment | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P |
| Late bud dormancy stem flooding versus control∗ | ||||||||||||
| Mean vessel area | 2.771 | – | 1.155 | – | 1.704 | – | 0.002 | – | 0.157 | – | 0.681 | – |
| Maximum vessel area∗ | 0.695 | – | 0.606 | 1.576 | – | 0.695 | – | 0.173 | – | 0.312 | – | |
| Vessel density∗ | 0.347 | – | 1.260 | – | 0.617 | – | 1.699 | – | 0.164 | – | 1.238 | – |
| Ring width∗ | 3.778 | – | 0.917 | – | 0.659 | – | 17.155 | ∗∗∗ | 2.638 | – | 0.793 | – |
| Budswell stem flooding versus control | ||||||||||||
| Mean vessel area | 25.684 | ∗∗∗ | 0.587 | – | 5.016 | ∗ | 27.123 | ∗∗∗ | 2.995 | – | 22.639 | ∗∗∗ |
| Maximum vessel area | 20.462 | ∗∗∗ | 0.612 | – | 5.673 | ∗ | 8.603 | ∗∗ | 2.605 | – | 10.913 | ∗∗ |
| Vessel density | 7.029 | ∗ | 0.667 | – | 1.030 | – | 1.740 | – | 1.004 | – | 3.153 | – |
| Ring width | 15.853 | ∗∗ | 8.755 | ∗∗ | 1.282 | – | 6.165 | ∗ | 1.478 | – | 3.287 | – |
| Budswell roots flooding versus control | ||||||||||||
| Mean vessel area | 0.145 | – | 1.618 | – | 2.917 | – | 0.227 | – | 2.101 | – | 0.001 | – |
| Maximum vessel area | 0.096 | – | 1.697 | – | 4.099 | ∗ | 0.012 | – | 1.183 | – | 0.265 | – |
| Vessel density | 0.172 | – | 1.591 | – | 1.056 | – | 7.658 | ∗ | 0.131 | – | 2.385 | – |
| Ring width | 3.703 | – | 8.061 | ∗∗ | 1.081 | – | 9.945 | ∗∗ | 0.652 | – | 0.348 | – |
| Internode expansion stem flooding versus control | ||||||||||||
| Mean vessel area | 23.217 | ∗∗∗ | 0.866 | – | 2.957 | – | 36.450 | ∗∗∗ | 1.685 | – | 29.277 | ∗∗∗ |
| Maximum vessel area | 14.826 | ∗∗∗ | 0.352 | – | 2.026 | – | 22.345 | ∗∗∗ | 1.856 | – | 18.937 | ∗∗∗ |
| Vessel density | 0.637 | – | 0.453 | – | 2.083 | – | 9.619 | ∗∗ | 1.258 | – | 2.208 | – |
| Ring width | 11.366 | ∗∗ | 0.195 | – | 0.866 | – | 1.389 | – | 0.864 | – | 6.118 | ∗ |
The table shows the results of mixed factorial ANOVAs in which height was the within-subject measure and flooding treatment (treatment vs. control) and flooding duration were between subject factors. F-values and the P-values are given as: ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001. ∗Note that the 6-week group (late bud dormancy) was not analyzed as these trees started with budswell and leaf formation.