Table 3.
Characteristics of the studies and the scales and inventories used to assess anxiety disorder after TBI.
| Reference | Study design | Study population | Number of analyzed studies/total of studies | Instruments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garrelfs et al. (20) | Systematic review | ABI (TBI = 4) | (3/7) | HADS, HAM-A, NRS, STAI |
| Moore et al. (99) | Review | mTBI | N/A | BAI, MMPI, MCMI-III, STAI |
| O’Neil et al. (22) | Systematic review | Veterans/military with mTBI | (6/31) | HADS, NSI |
| O’Neil et al. (23) | Systematic review | Veterans/military with mTBI | (6/31) | HADS, NSI |
| Osborn et al. (17) | Meta-analysis | Closed TBI | 41 | BAI, HADS, DSM-IV; DSM-III-R, DSM-IV; ICD-10, LSSAD, MINI, SCID-I, SCAN, SADS-L; STAI |
| Panayiotou et al. (24) | Meta-analysis | mTBI | (5/11) | BAI, CAPS, GHQ, HTQ, IES, POMS, SCL-90-R |
| Rogers and Read (25) | Review | TBI | N/A | BEC, BSQ, DES, DIS, DSM-III, MMPI, PCSSC, DSM-IV, SCAN, SCL-90-R |
| Soo and Tate (26) | Systematic review | mTBI | 3 | BAI, IES, SCL-90-R, STAI-S |
| Warden et al. (27) | Systematic review | TBI | (1/14) | Y-BOCS |
ABI, acquired brain injury; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury.
Scales: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BEC, Behavior Evaluation Checklist; BSQ, Body Sensations Questionnaire; DES, Dissociative Experience Scale; DIS, Diagnostic Interview Schedule; DSM-III, Diagnostic and Statistic Manual 3rd edition; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistic Manual 4th edition; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HTQ, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases; IES, Impact of Events Scale; LSSAD, Leeds Scale for the Self-Assessment of Anxiety and Depression; MCMI-III, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory 3rd edition; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; NRS, Neurobehavioral Rating Scale; NSI, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; PCSSC, Post-Concussion Syndrome Symptom Checklist; POMS, Profile of Mood State; PTSD-I, PTSD Interview; SADS, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia; SCAN, Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry; SCID-I, Structured Clinical Interview; SCL-90R, Symptoms Checklist, 90R; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Y-BOCS, Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.