Table 2.

Overview of non-biologic systemic treatments in pediatric psoriasis

Drug	Dosage	Side effects	Laboratory monitoring
Cyclosporine	1.5 to 5 mg/kg/day	Renal toxicity, hypertension nausea, diarrhea, myalgias, headache, electrolyte abnormalities (hyperkalemia and hypomagnesemia), hyperlipidemia, hypertrichosis, and gingival hyperplasia	Blood count, creatinine, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, electrolytes
Fumaric acid esters	≤720 mg/day	Gastrointestinal complaints, flushes, hematological abnormalities (lymphocytopenia and eosinophilia)	Blood count, liver enzymes
Methotrexate	0.2 to 0.7 mg/kg/week	Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hematological abnormalities, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity	Blood count, liver enzymes
Retinoids	≤0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day	Cheilitis, xerosis, epistaxis and increase of serum lipids and hepatic enzymes Skeletal abnormalities Teratogenicity	Serum lipids and liver enzymes Radiographs of the spine