Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants by cognitive classification at baseline, 18 months and 36 months.
| Baseline (n = 212) |
18 months (n = 183) |
36 months (n = 149) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD-CN (n = 167) | PD-MCI (n = 45) | p Value | PD-CN (n = 124) | PD-MCI (n = 51) | PDD (n = 8) | p Value | PD-CN (n = 95) | PD-MCI (n = 40) | PDD (n = 14) | p Value | |
| Age (years) | 65.1 (9.9) | 68.7 (9.0) | 0.024a | 66.1 (9.4) | 72.3 (8.3) | 74.8 (6.3) | <0.001b | 66.5 (9.2) | 71.9 (8.7) | 75.3 (7.4) | <0.001 b |
| Gender (male)† | 104 (62) | 30 (67) | 0.728c | 77 (62) | 33 (65) | 5 (63) | 0.948c | 59 (62) | 28 (70) | 10 (71) | 0.566c |
| Education (years) | 13.2 (3.5) | 11.3 (3.5) | <0.001d | 13.4 (3.5) | 11.2 (2.9) | 12.1 (4.4) | <0.001e | 13.5 (3.5) | 11.9 (2.9) | 12.1 (3.9) | 0.003e |
| NART | 115.9 (9.4) | 108.7 (11.4) | <0.001d | 116.8 (9.6) | 110.3 (10.0) | 107.3 (11.7) | <0.001e | 117.3 (8.0) | 109.4 (12.6) | 107.3 (11.0) | <0.001e |
| UPDRS III Total | 26.5 (11.0) | 31.2 (14.2) | 0.064d | 30.1 (11.1) | 40.7 (12.0) | 48.1 (8.9) | <0.001e | 31.9 (12.9) | 41.1 (15.0) | 46.5 (15.8) | <0.001e |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 1.9 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.8) | 0.039d | 2.1 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.7) | 0.004e | 2.0 (0.5) | 2.2 (0.6) | 2.7 (0.8) | <0.001e |
| LED (mg/d) | 175.7 (160.4) | 190.1 (133.8) | 0.188d | 420.7 (233.0) | 430.5 (256.1) | 303.1 (123.6) | 0.329e | 512.4 (289.2) | 588.4 (297.5) | 493.1 (239.9) | 0.585e |
| GDS-15 | 2.6 (2.4) | 3.8 (3.2) | 0.013d | 2.5 (2.5) | 3.5 (3.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 0.074e | 2.7 (2.4) | 3.5 (2.6) | 4.5 (2.8) | 0.018e |
| PDQ-39 | 16.8 (13.2) | 24.4 (16.5) | 0.004d | 17.9 (14.3) | 26.6 (18.9) | 28.3 (13.9) | 0.006e | 18.2 (14.9) | 25.0 (16.8) | 40.1 (17.9) | <0.001e |
| MoCA‡ | 26.2 (2.7) | 22.3 (4.0) | <0.001d | 27.3 (2.7) | 24.4 (3.1) | 17.4 (3.7) | <0.001e | 27.3 (2.4) | 23.8 (3.2) | 19.6 (4.3) | <0.001e |
| MMSE | 28.9 (1.1) | 28.0 (1.6) | <0.001d | 28.9 (1.3) | 27.6 (1.7) | 25.0 (2.2) | <0.001e | 28.9 (1.4) | 27.4 (2.4) | 24.4 (3.4) | <0.001e |
All figures are mean(standard deviation) except † where figures are n(%), ‡ at baseline n = 23 did not complete MoCA.
a = independent t-test, b = ANOVA, c = Chi squared test, d = Mann-Whitney U test, e = Kruskal-Wallis.
PD-CN= Parkinson's disease with normal cognition, PD-MCI = Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease using the 2 standard deviation cut-off, PDD = Parkinson's disease dementia, NART = National Adult Reading Test, UPDRS III = Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III, LED = Levodopa equivalent dose, GDS-15 = Geriatric Depression Scale, PDQ-39 = Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.