Table 3.
Oxidative stress markers, disease activity, and inflammatory parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with (IR+) or without (IR−) insulin resistance and using (TNF+) or not using (TNF−) anti-TNF-α.
| G1 (n = 71) | G2 (n = 20) | G3 (n = 63) | G4 (n = 19) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL-LOOH (cpm) | 170.7 (150.0–196.7) | 167.4 (147.2–214.4) | 165.7 (152.7–204.3) | 166.2 (151.8–166.2) |
| AOPP (μmol/L of chloramines-T equivalents) | 124.5 (102.6–170.1) | 123.2 (99.9–182.8) | 173.3∗ (122.4–242.7) | 173.8#& (124.4–222.4) |
| TRAP (μM Trolox/mg UA) | 175.4 (147.3–210.0) | 164.7 (131.8–207.7) | 150.8∗ (121.0–178.8) | 159.2 (107.5–176.6) |
| OSI | 0.73 (0.57–0.92) | 0.85 (0.62–1.12) | 1.21∗ (0.78–1.79) | 1.18#& (0.69–1.53) |
| DAS 28 | 3.41 (2.23–4.57) | 3.83 (3.08–4.89) | 3.75 (2.87–4.80) | 3.49 (2.78–4.30) |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 4.74 (1.26–15.80) | 2.75 (1.78–6.76) | 6.63 (7.70–11.9) | 4.66∗∗ (1.42–8.89) |
| ESR (mm) | 14.0 (5.0–22.0) | 14.5 (8.3–23.0) | 19.0∗ (8.0–32.5) | 26.0&# (11.0–44.0) |
Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's posttest. Data are expressed as median (25–75%). G1, IR− TNF−; G2, IR− TNF+; G3, IR+ TNF−; G4, IR+ TNF+; CL-LOOH, tert-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence; AOPP, advanced oxidation protein product; TRAP, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter; OSI, oxidative stress index; DAS 28, Disease Activity Score evaluating 28 joints; CRP, C-reactive protein; and ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
∗G1 versus G3, p < 0.05; #G1 versus G4, p < 0.05; &G4 versus G2, p < 0.05; and ∗∗G4 versus G3.