Table 3.
Longitudinal Associations of Characteristics, Including Time-Varying Cardiopulmonary Predictors, With the Outcome of FEV1 Over Time, Expressed in L/m3 and Z-score (alternative approach)—Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (N = 501)
| Characteristics | FEV1/Height3 (L/m3) Over Time | FEV1 Z-score Over Time | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression Coefficient | 95% CI | p Value | Regression Coefficient | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Intercept | 0.621 | 0.610, 0.632 | <.001 | −0.276 | −0.385, −0.168 | .529 |
| Time of follow-up (years) | −0.007 | −0.007, −0.006 | <.001 | −0.008 | −0.114, −0.004 | <.001 |
| Baseline age (years)* | −0.006 | −0.007, −0.005 | <.001 | −0.0003 | −0.008, 0.007 | .933 |
| Obesity | −0.019 | −0.027, −0.011 | <.001 | −0.201 | −0.286, −0.117 | <.001 |
| Never-smoker | 0.011 | −0.006, 0.029 | .196 | 0.230 | 0.056, 0.404 | 0.01 |
| Hypertension† | −0.004 | −0.008, 0.000 | .076 | −0.044 | −0.088, −0.001 | .046 |
| Chronic bronchitis | −0.013 | −0.025, −0.001 | .031 | −0.158 | −0.281, −0.034 | .012 |
| Diabetes mellitus‡ | −0.010 | −0.019, −0.001 | .027 | −0.108 | −0.202, −0.014 | .025 |
| Myocardial infarction | −0.017 | −0.032, −0.003 | .021 | −0.201 | −0.355, −0.047 | .011 |
Notes: BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
*Centered at baseline mean.
†Systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic ≥90mm Hg.
‡Based on fasting hyperglycemia, abnormal glucose tolerance test, or use of hypoglycemic drugs (see text).