Table 1.

Comparison of Extracted Mechanical Properties of the Proposed Method with Existing Approaches

Reference	Approach	Cell	Cortex Tension (pN/μm)	Intracellular Pressure (Pa)	Cortex Elastic Modulus (kPa)
this work	AFM F-Z compression tipless	nonadherent HFFs	679 ± 72	175 ± 36	42 ± 9
Fischer-Friedrich et al. (18)	AFM constant height	HeLa interphase/ metaphase	170 ± 130/ 1600 ± 500	40 ± 30/ 400 ± 120	NA
Tinevez et al. (6)	micropipette aspiration	suspended L929 fibroblasts	413.6 ± 15.2a	NA	NA
Krieg et al. (11)	AFM indentation colloidal tip	germ-layer progenitors from zebrafish	54.5 ± 8.6b	NA	NA
Rotsch and Radmacher (10)	AFM indentation sharp tip	adherent 3T3 and NRK fibroblasts	NA	NA	10–100
Bausch et al. (45)	twisting microbeads	adherent NIH/3T3 fibroblasts	NA	NA	20–40c

Different experimental techniques allow estimation of mechanical properties. The described method is the only one capable of extracting the three physical parameters, with values agreeing with other methods. Otherwise specified data is represented as mean ± SD. NA, not applicable.

^aMean ± standard error.

^bMedian ± median absolute deviation.

^cMean of extracted shear modulus.