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. 2016 Jun 10;7:11892. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11892

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Conductance versus time for In₂O₃ /YSZ (blue,) and In₂O₃ /MgAl₂O₄ (red) samples, under constant current conditions. The field was applied at t=0, and the field direction was reversed for both samples at t=1,200 s. Transient behaviour was observed for the In₂O₃ /YSZ sample, with the conductance evolving towards a different steady-state conductance for the two current directions. This behaviour occurs because the voltage pick-off electrodes are asymmetrically located with respect to the current electrodes. Since MgAl₂O₄ is not a fast oxygen ion conductor, the field application and reversal had no effects on the measured conductance of the In₂O₃ /MgAl₂O₄ sample. Both samples were measured at 330 °C with pO₂=1.5 torr.