Table 4. Predictors of myopia based on two-level multiple logistic regression models.
| Variables |
Total (Model 1) |
Boys (Model 2) |
Girls (Model 3) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |
| Gender | — | — | — | — | ||
| Male | 1.00 | |||||
| Female | 1.21 | 1.01–1.45* | ||||
| Grade | ||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 2 | 7.94 | 3.06–20.63* | 5.00 | 1.59–15.71* | 19.07 | 2.51–145.12* |
| 3 | 33.51 | 13.35–84.10* | 22.74 | 7.94–65.09* | 73.63 | 9.87–548.96* |
| 4 | 43.14 | 17.10–108.84* | 20.94 | 7.18–61.02* | 135.05 | 18.07–1009.53* |
| 5 | 83.82 | 33.08–212.43* | 49.62 | 17.12–143.84* | 240.21 | 31.75–1817.46* |
| 6 | 71.78 | 28.80–178.90* | 40.41 | 14.25–114.62* | 186.04 | 25.16–1375.72* |
| 7 | 100.50 | 40.03–252.30* | 65.00 | 22.69–186.23* | 234.75 | 31.47–1751.28* |
| 8 | 86.85 | 34.74–217.16* | 54.77 | 19.35–155.06* | 221.04 | 29.63–1649.22* |
| 9 | 108.98 | 43.18–275.07* | 74.68 | 26.06–214.02* | 231.60 | 30.62–1751.81* |
| Daily hours of reading for pleasure | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | — | ||
| ≤2 h | 1.38 | 1.08–1.77* | 1.37 | 0.98–1.87 | ||
| >2 h | 1.51 | 1.01–2.27* | 1.84 | 1.09–3.12* | ||
| Weekly hours of watching television | — | — | ||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| <2 h | 1.54 | 1.16–2.05* | 1.77 | 1.21–2.58* | ||
| 2–4 h | 1.60 | 1.22–2.08* | 1.94 | 1.29–2.90* | ||
| >4 h | 1.96 | 1.38–2.77* | 2.60 | 1.53–4.41* | ||
| Distance of reading | ||||||
| <25 cm | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 25–29 cm | 0.46 | 0.32–0.67* | 0.38 | 0.24–0.62* | 0.54 | 0.30–0.97* |
| >29 cm | 0.61 | 0.49–0.77* | 0.60 | 0.45–0.81* | 0.58 | 0.41–0.83* |
| Distance of watching television | — | — | ||||
| <3 m | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 3–5 m | 0.61 | 0.45–0.83* | 0.38 | 0.23–0.62* | ||
| >5 m | 0.68 | 0.56–0.83* | 0.61 | 0.47–0.81* | ||
| Number of parents with myopia | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| One parent | 1.73 | 1.40–2.13* | 1.71 | 1.28–2.28* | 1.77 | 1.30–2.42* |
| Two parents | 2.81 | 1.94–4.06* | 2.38 | 1.43–3.95* | 3.38 | 1.96–5.80* |
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. *P<0.05.
Model 1 included age, gender, grade level, ethnicity, daily hours of reading or studying for school assignments, daily hours of reading for pleasure, weekly hours of watching television, weekly hours of using computer, weekly hours of playing electronics, distance of reading, distance of watching television, and number of parents with myopia.
Model 2 for boys and model 3 for girls included age, grade level, ethnicity, daily hours of reading or studying for school assignments, daily hours of reading for pleasure, weekly hours of watching television, weekly hours of using computer, weekly hours of playing electronics, distance of reading, distance of watching television, and number of parents with myopia.