Table 3. Univariate and Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma among patients with ocular hypertension.
| Variables |
Univariate model |
Multivariate model |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 99% CI | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Demographic and clinical data | ||||||
| Demographic data | ||||||
| Age (per 1 year older) | 1.1 | 1.0–1.2 | 0.01 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.1 | 0.047 |
| sex (Male) | 1.1 | 0.8–1.3 | 0.62 | — | — | — |
| Clinical data | ||||||
| IOP (per 1 mm Hg higher) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.1 | 0.85 | — | — | — |
| CCT (per 1 μm lower) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.0 | 0.75 | — | — | — |
| Anti-glaucoma treatment (yes) | 1.6 | 0.6–3.5 | 0.39 | — | — | — |
| Chemical tests | ||||||
| Ibopamine test | ||||||
| Test result (positive) | 1.5 | 0.6–2.4 | 0.28 | — | — | — |
| Δ IOP (per 1 mm Hg higher) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.1 | 0.45 | — | — | — |
| IOP peak (per 1 mm Hg higher) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.1 | 0.87 | — | — | — |
| Functional tests | ||||||
| SAP | ||||||
| MD (per 0.1 dB lower) | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 | 0.18 | — | — | — |
| PSD (per 0.1 dB higher) | 0.9 | 0.2–3.9 | 0.91 | — | — | — |
| Number of points with P<5% (per point abnormal) | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 0.81 | — | — | — |
| Number of points with P<1% (per point abnormal) | 1.3 | 0.6–2.8 | 0.35 | — | — | — |
| GHT (outside normal limits) | NA | NA | NA | — | — | — |
| SWAP | ||||||
| MD (per 0.1 dB lower) | 1.0 | 0.8–1.3 | 0.71 | — | — | — |
| PSD (per 0.1 dB higher) | 1.6 | 0.8–3.2 | 0.07 | 0.7 | 0.6–2.2 | 0.48 |
| Number of points with P<5% (per point abnormal) | 1.5 | 0.9–3.2 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 0.9–1.2 | 0.76 |
| Number of points with P<1% (per point abnormal) | 1.3 | 0.7–2.2 | 0.27 | — | — | — |
| GHT (outside normal limits) | 3.4 | 0.8–13.6 | 0.002 | 4.3 | 1.4–13.5 | 0.01 |
| FDT | ||||||
| (per 0.1 dB lower) | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 | 0.16 | — | — | — |
| (per 0.1 dB higher) | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 | 0.71 | — | — | — |
| Number of areas with P<5% (per area abnormal) | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 | 0.32 | — | — | — |
| Number of areas with P<1% (per area abnormal) | 0.9 | 0.4–1.8 | 0.64 | — | — | — |
| Test result (abnormal) | 1.2 | 0.8–1.5 | 0.28 | — | — | — |
| Structural tests | ||||||
| GDxVCC | ||||||
| NFI (per 1 unit higher) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.1 | 0.74 | — | — | — |
| TSNIT average (per 10 μm thinner) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.1 | 0.80 | — | — | — |
| TSNIT SD (per 10 μm greater) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.1 | 1.0 | — | — | — |
| Superior Average (per 10 μm thinner) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.1 | 0.67 | — | — | — |
| Inferior Average (per 10 μm thinner) | 1.0 | 0.9–1.2 | 0.45 | — | — | — |
| Inter-eye symmetry (per 1 unit lower) | 1.2 | 0.6–3.6 | 0.03 | 1.1 | 0.7–2.7 | 0.02 |
| HRT II | ||||||
| Disc area (per 0.1 mm2 greater) | 0.8 | 0.3–2.5 | 0.76 | — | — | — |
| Cup area (per 0.1 mm2 greater) | 4.9 | 1.4–16.7 | 0.01 | 2.0 | 1.1–6.9 | 0.48 |
| Rim area (per 0.3 mm2 lower) | 0.9 | 0.2–3.1 | 0.04 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.3 | 0.25 |
| Cup volume (per 0.1 mm3 greater) | 3.7 | 1.2–9.8 | 0.06 | 1.2 | 0.8–4.8 | 0.62 |
| Rim volume (per 0.1 mm3 lower) | 0.8 | 0.3–2.6 | 0.002 | 1.1 | 0.5–2.8 | 0.005 |
| C/D ratio (per 0.1 unit greater) | 6.2 | 3.2–17.7 | 0.008 | 6.0 | 3.9–14.9 | 0.02 |
| Linear C/D ratio (per 0.1 units greater) | 4.1 | 1.8–9.2 | 0.06 | 1.4 | 1.0–2.0 | 0.10 |
| Mean cup depth (per 0.1 mm greater) | 1.3 | 1.0–1.7 | 0.51 | — | — | — |
| Maximum cup depth (per 0.1 mm greater) | 1.2 | 0.7–2.7 | 0.85 | — | — | — |
| Cup shape measure (per 0.1 unis greater) | 5.3 | 2.0–19.1 | 0.05 | 3.3 | 1.4–9.8 | 0.72 |
| Height variation contour (per 0.1 mm greater) | 2.7 | 1.7–4.1 | 0.003 | 1.5 | 1.2–1.7 | 0.61 |
| Mean RNFL thickness (per 0.2 mm lower) | 0.9 | 0.7–2.0 | 0.002 | 0.7 | 0.6–1.1 | 0.57 |
| RNFL cross sectional area (per 0.3 mm2 lower) | 0.7 | 0.4–2.1 | 0.003 | 0.4 | 0.3–1.0 | 0.66 |
| MRA (outside normal limits) | NA | NA | NA | — | — | — |
Abbreviations: C/D, cup/disc; CI, confidence interval; FDT, frequency-doubling technology; GDxVCC, scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensator; GHT, glaucoma hemifield test; HR, hazard ratios; HRT, Heidelberg retina tomography; MD, mean deviation; MRA, Moorfileds regression analysis NA, not applicable; NFI, nerve fiber indicator; PSD, pattern standard deviation; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; SAP, standard automated perimetry; SWAP, short-wavelength automated perimetry.