Table I.
Comprehensive analysis of the correlation between 26 methylated genes and ovarian cancer multidrug resistance.
| Gene | Methylation status in drug-resistant tissue/cell | Expression of gene | Drugs | Regulation manner of drug resistance | Drug resistance after adding demethylation inhibitor | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MLH1 | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Platinum (13) | DNA mismatch repair, cell proliferation, apoptosis | Yes | (14,15) |
| BRCA1 | Hypomethylation | Upregulation | Cisplatin | DNA mismatch repair | No | (16,17) |
| FBXO32 | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Platinum | Apoptosis, cell invasion, TGF-β/SMAD4 signalling pathway | Yes | (18) |
| DNAJC15 | Hypermethylation | Downregulation | Platinum, taxol | Prevents intracellular drug accumulation (10) | Yes | (19,20) |
| CSAG2 | Hypomethylation | Upregulation | Taxol | – | Yes | (21) |
| PROM1 | Hypomethylation | Upregulation | Platinum | – | No | (22) |
| ASS1 | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Platinum | – | – | (23) |
| RASSF1 | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Taxol | Apoptosis, RAS signalling pathway | Yes | (24,25) |
| PTEN | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Taxol | Apoptosis, PI3K/AKT signalling pathway (26) | Yes | (27) |
| TNFRSF10A | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Platinum | Apoptosis, cell invasion, TRAIL signalling pathway (28) | Yes | (29) |
| ABCG2 | Hypomethylation | Upregulation | Multidrug resistance | – | No | (30) |
| ZMYND10 | Hypermethylation | – | – | Cell growth, apoptosis, AKT signalling pathway | – | (31,32) |
| MDR1 | Hypomethylation (12), Hypermethylation (10) | Upregulation (12), Silenced expression (10) | Taxol (12), Multidrug resistance (10) | c-Jun/JNK signalling pathway (10) | – | – |
| TGFBI | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Taxol | Cell proliferation | Yes | (33) |
| RGS10 | Hypermethylation | Downregulation | Platinum | Apoptosis | Yes | (34) |
| UCHL1 | Hypermethylation | Downregulation | Cisplatin | Apoptosis, cell proliferation, AKT signalling pathway | Yes | (35,36) |
| Sulf-1 | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Platinum | By regulating the expression of Bim | Yes | (37,38) |
| SFRP | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Cisplatin | Cell growth, cell proliferation, cell invision, Wnt signalling pathway, through TWIST-mediated EMT and AKT2 signalling | – | (39) |
| MAL | Hypomethylation | Upregulation | Cisplatin | – | No | (11) |
| TUBB3 | Hypomethylation | Upregulation | Taxol | – | – | (40,41) |
| L1TD1 | Hypomethylation | Upregulation | Platinum | Regulating genomic stability | Yes | (42) |
| CLDN4 | Hypermethylation | Silenced expression | Cisplatin | Cell invision, cell migration, β-catenin signalling pathway, P13K/AKT signalling pathway | Yes | (43–46) |
| HOXA10 | Hypomethylation (47) | Upregulation (47) | Platinum (48) | Cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invision (49) | – | – |
| HOXA9, HOXA11 | Hypermethylation | Downregulation | – | – | – | (50,51) |
| FANCF | Hypomethylation | Upregulation | Alkylating agent, cisplatin | Gene mismatch repair, FA/BRCA signalling pathway | No | (52) |
-, no relevant studies.